Table 7.

Antibiofilm studies on catheters.

Antibiofilm on catheters assays	Antibiofilm agents	Reducing the biofilm formation	Country	Study
Confocal microscopy	oPDM-plus-PS	59.1% inhibition to P. aeruginosa and 64.4% to S. epidermidis	Canada	(Burton et al., 2006)
SEM	Polymer derivate from chitin	Polymer-coated catheter revealed a lesser number of bacteria, thus indicating no biofilm formation on the surface	India	(Hoque et al., 2016)
CFU of the segments	Chlorhexidine, minocycline, and rifampin	A significant difference was reported for MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, while a biofilm inhibition of 100% was found against S. epidermidis	USA	(Muhsin Jamal et al., 2018)
SEM	Tetrasodium EDTA	After treatment eradicated the biofilm of S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli, while also reducing MRSA biofilm by 3.5 logs and C. albicans biofilm by 2.2 logs CFU	UK	(Percival et al., 2005)

SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy; CFU: Colony-Forming Unit.