Results from study 2 (fNIRS session). Panel (A) plots the self-reported task difficulty levels in the shuffled (S), vocoded (V), shuffled-vocoded (SV), and vocoded-interrupted (VI) conditions in the fNIRS session. Panel (B) plots the response accuracy in the fNIRS session; ‘***’ indicates the significance of results (p < 0.001) from one-sample tests on the response accuracies versus 50%, i.e., chance level, (black horizontal lines). Panel (C–F) show the repeated measures correlations (rmcorr) between ΔHbC amplitudes in two ROIs and the self-reported task difficulty levels (from study 2) and task performance scores (from study 1). Gray dots and lines show results in individuals in four conditions. The orange lines in panels (C–F) indicate the common association between fNIRS measures in two ROIs and behavioral measures among individuals. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)