Table 1.
Statistical results for the NH group for the behavioral and objective measures. For each measure, results were compared between four listening conditions, i.e., vocoded (V), shuffled (S), shuffled-vocoded (SV), and vocoded-interrupted (VI).
| Measures | Differences across conditions (results from ART test) | Post hoc results (Tukey’s HSD corrected) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported task difficulty | F(3, 81) = 171,63, p < 0.001 | (S and V) < (SV and VI); p < 0.001 | |
| (pupillometry session) | S < V; p < 0.01 | ||
| Self-reported task difficulty | F(3, 78) = 91,89, p < 0.001 | (S and V) < (SV and VI); p < 0.001 | |
| (fNIRS session) | |||
| Speech intelligibility scores | F(3, 81) = 288.08, p < 0.001 | S > V > SV > VI; p < 0.001 | |
| (pupillometry session) | |||
| Pupil dilation | F(3, 81) = 34.49, p < 0.001 | S < SV; t(81) = −5.52, p < 0.001 | |
| S < VI; t(81) = −654, p < 0.001 | |||
| V < SV; t(81) = −7.22, p < 0.001 | |||
| V < VI; t(81) = −8.24, p < 0.001 | |||
| fNIRS measures | left LFC | F(3, 81) = 5.18, p = 0.003 | S > VI; t(81) = 3.45, p = 0.005 |
| SV > VI; t(81) = 3.28, p = 0.008 | |||
| V > VI; t(81) = 2.78, p = 0.034 | |||
| left AC | F(3, 81) = 2.96, p = 0.037 | S > VI; t(81) = 2.84, p = 0.029 | |