Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Study ID | Study arms | Sample | Age, years | Sex, males | BMI (kg/m2) | Comorbidities | Common COVID symptoms | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | Diabetes | Cardiovascular disease | Asthma | COPD | Fever | Cough | Weakness | Diarrhea | ||||||
| Cannata-Andía et al. (2022) | Cholecalciferol | 274 | 59.3 ± 15.65 | 181 (66.1) | 28.3 ± 3.88 | 114 (41.6) | 58 (21.2) | 55 (20.1) | 14 (5.1) | 14 (5.1) | 190 (69.3) | 185 (67.5) | 167 (60.9) | 45 (16.4) |
| Control | 269 | 56.3 ± 16.4 | 172 (63.9) | 29 ± 4.85 | 124 (46.1) | 76 (28.3) | 60 (22.3) | 16 (5.9) | 9 (3.3) | 198 (73.6) | 176 (65.4) | 171 (63.6) | 60 (22.3) | |
| Entrenas Castillo et al. (2020) | Calcifediol | 50 | 53.14 ± 10.77 | 27 (54) | NR | 11 (24) | 3 (6) | 2 (4) | NR | 4 (8) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Control | 26 | 52.77 ± 9.35 | 18 (69) | NR | 15 (58) | 5 (19) | 1 (3.85) | NR | 2 (7.69) | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Karonova et al. (2022) | Cholecalciferol | 56 | 57.7 ± 11.4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Control | 54 | 63 ± 11.4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Fernandes et al. (2022) | Vitamin D3 | 101 | 55.3 ± 14.2 | 58 (57.4) | 32.2 ± 6.7 | 54 (53.5) | 39 (38.6) | 14 (13.9) | 6 (5.9) | 5 (5.0) | 73 (72.3) | 87 (86.1) | 81 (80.2) | 33 (32.7) |
| Control | 99 | 55.7 ± 14.5 | 51 (51.5) | 32.1 ± 7.5 | 49 (49.5) | 29 (29.3) | 13 (13.1) | 7 (7.1) | 5 (5.1) | 69 (69.7) | 82 (82.8) | 86 (86.9) | 40 (40.4) | |
| Maghbooli et al. (2021) | 25(OH)D3 | 53 | 50 ± 15 | 32 (59) | 29 ± 6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Control | 53 | 49 ± 13 | 43 (62) | 29 ± 5.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Mariani et al. (2022) | Vitamin D3 | 115 | 59.8 ± 10.7 | 64 (55.6) | 29 ± 5.25 | 47 (40.9) | 32 (27.8) | 6 (5.2) | 17 (14.8) | 80 (69.6) | NR | NR | 29 (25.2) | |
| Control | 103 | 58.3 ± 10.6 | 51 (49.5) | 28.3 ± 4.5 | 47 (45.6) | 26 (25.2) | 4 (3.9) | 9 (8.7) | 68 (66.0) | NR | NR | 23 (22.3) | ||
| Murai et al. (2021a, b) | Vitamin D3 | 119 | 56.5 ± 13.8 | 70 (58.8) | 31.9 ± 6.5 | 67 (56.3) | 49 (41.2) | 16 (13.4) | 7 (5.9) | 7 (5.9) | 85 (71.4) | 102 (85.7) | 97 (81.5) | 41 (34.5) |
| Control | 118 | 56 ± 15 | 63 (53.4) | 31.4 ± 7.6 | 58 (49.2) | 35 (29.7) | 16 (13.6) | 7 (5.9) | 5 (4.2) | 79 (66.9) | 97 (82.2) | 99 (83.9) | 46 (39.0) | |
| Rastogi et al. (2022) | Cholecalciferol | 16 | 45.7 ± 12.19 | 6 (38) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Control | 24 | 45.3 ± 7.8 | 14 (58) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Soliman et al. (2021) | Cholecalciferol | 40 | 71.3 ± 4.16 | NR | 29.29 ± 2.67 | 18 (45) | 40 (100) | 9 (23) | NR | 15 (40) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Control | 16 | 70.19 ± 4.57 | NR | 29.83 ± 2.19 | 7 (44) | 16 (100) | 4 (25) | NR | 8 (16) | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
BMI body mass index, NR not reported