. 2022 Dec 12:1–23. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10798-022-09801-x

Table 7.

Means and standard deviation of students’ basic empathy test

BES items	Remote association (N = 30)	Close association (N = 32)	Free association (N = 32)
	Pre M (SD)	Post M (SD)	Pre M (SD)	Post M (SD)	Pre M (SD)	Post M (SD)
Cognitive empathy	31.20 (2.497)	33.93 (3.443)	31.00 (3.132)	34.69 (2.177)	31.50 (2.759)	34.25 (2.817)
Affective empathy	31.63 (4.072)	35.10 (4.708)	30.81 (2.520)	33.19 (4.353)	31.06 (3.943)	32.69 (5.866)
Total	62.83 (4.178)	69.03 (6.083)	61.81 (2.788)	67.88 (4.353)	62.56 (5.267)	66.94 (6.470)

BES items

Remote association
(N = 30)

Close association
(N = 32)

Free association
(N = 32)

Pre

M (SD)

Post

M (SD)

Pre

M (SD)

Post

M (SD)

Pre

M (SD)

Post

M (SD)

Cognitive empathy

31.20

(2.497)

33.93

(3.443)

31.00

(3.132)

34.69

(2.177)

31.50

(2.759)

34.25

(2.817)

Affective empathy

31.63 (4.072)

35.10

(4.708)

30.81 (2.520)

33.19 (4.353)

31.06

(3.943)

32.69

(5.866)

Total

62.83 (4.178)

69.03 (6.083)

61.81 (2.788)

67.88 (4.353)

62.56

(5.267)

66.94

(6.470)