Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2022 Sep 30;57(19):2257–2272.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.006

Figure 7 – TFAP2A Overexpression Partially Reprograms hESCs to a Neural Crest-like State.

Figure 7 –

(A) Design of hESC reprogramming experiment by overexpression of TFAP2A.

(B) Tornado plot of SOX2 CUT&RUN signal at all SOX2 peaks identified from untreated conditions.

(C) Tornado plots of ATAC-Seq signal in overexpression and wild-type conditions at peaks enriched within untreated D5 neural crest.

(D) Volcano plot for RNA-Seq analysis between GFP and TFAP2A overexpression samples shows enrichment of the TFAP2A gene and several other members of the neural crest GRN.

(E) Bar chart of selected neural crest GRN components and their Log2 fold change in the TFAP2A overexpression condition. Immunohistochemistry staining of TFAP2A and TFAP2B in reprogrammed hESCs showing nuclear co-staining. Scale bar 20 μm.

(F) FACS analysis of neural crest marker p75 in control and TFAP2A overexpressing hESCs.

(G) Bright field image of GFP or TFAP2A overexpressing cells. In the TFAP2A condition, a large portion of cells undergo EMT and migrate across the substrate. Scale bar 20 μm.

(H) Graphical representation of neural crest GRN components found to be significantly upregulated upon TFAP2A overexpression in hESCs.