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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2022 Jul 25;74:51–57. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.07.008

Table 3.

Association between time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and risk of postpartum depression (PPD) stratified by history of anxiety or depression/postpartum depression

History of anxiety or depression/postpartum depression
Time-to-pregnancy (cycles) # Women with PPD (%) Total women Crude risk ratio (95% CI) Adjusted risk ratio* (95% CI)
<3 33 (15.3) 216 Ref Ref
3–5 59 (16.3) 362 1.07 (0.72–1.57) 1.02 (0.69–1.51)
6–11 64 (20.3) 315 1.33 (0.91–1.95) 1.23 (0.84–1.81)
≥12 22 (27.5) 80 1.80 (1.23–2.89) 1.55 (0.95–2.53)
No history of anxiety or depression/postpartum depression
Time-to-pregnancy (cycles) # Women with PPD (%) Total women Crude risk ratio (95% CI) Adjusted risk ratio* (95%CI)
<3 20 (5.3) 381 Ref Ref
3–5 42 (6.2) 678 1.18 (0.70–1.98) 1.13 (0.67–1.93)
6–11 36 (7.5) 483 1.42 (0.84–2.41) 1.29 (0.75–2.24)
≥12 6 (4.7) 128 0.89 (0.37–2.17) 0.76 (0.32–1.84)
*

Adjusted for age, history of subfertility/infertility, parity, preconception primary care physician visits, race/ethnicity, income, employment, use of fertility treatment to conceive, BMI.