Table 7.

Parameter estimates and empirical standard errors of GEE and ALR models for stillbirth.

Marginal		Exchangeable		Independent		ALR
Effect	Par	Est (SE)	p-value	Est (SE)	p-value	Est (SE)	p-value
Intercept	β0	−0.88 (0.14)	<0.0001	−1.10 (0.10)	<0.0001	−1.00 (0.23)	<0.0001
Place of birth (ref = Health facility)
On transit	β1	0.97 (0.27)	0.0003	1.26 (0.31)	<0.0001	0.86 (0.24)	0.0004
Home	β2	0.34 (0.15)	0.0215	0.47 (0.15)	0.0021	0.32 (0.14)	0.0185
Infection (ref = no)
Yes	β3	0.91 (0.08)	<0.0001	1.23 (0.09)	<0.0001	0.77 (0.10)	<0.0001
Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (ref = no)
Yes	β4	1.10 (0.15)	<0.0001	1.30 (0.16)	<0.0001	1.07 (0.15)	<0.0001
Maternal health condition (ref = No maternal conditions)
Other complications of labor and delivery	β5	0.19 (0.18)	0.3083	0.38 (0.19)	0.0469	0.17 (0.17)	0.3352
Maternal medical and surgical condition	β6	0.02 (0.15)	0.9025	0.07 (0.16)	0.6675	0.06 (0.14)	0.6909
Maternal complications of pregnancy	β7	0.88 (0.13)	<0.0001	1.22 (0.14)	<0.0001	0.78 (0.13)	<0.0001
Complications of placenta, cord, and membranes	β8	0.30 (0.12)	0.0151	0.62 (0.13)	<0.0001	0.26 (0.12)	0.0301
Maternal level of education (ref = no education)
Secondary and above	β9	−0.23 (0.11)	0.0304	−0.57 (0.11)	<0.0001	−0.25 (0.10)	0.0139
Primary	β10	−0.48 (0.10)	<0.0001	−0.64 (0.11)	<0.0001	−0.43 (0.10)	<0.0001
Score of delay one	β11	0.34 (0.08)	<0.0001	0.46 (0.07)	<0.0001	0.37 (0.08)	<0.0001
Type of region (ref = agrarian)
Pastoralist	β12	−0.72 (0.38)	0.061	−0.63 (0.22)	0.0033	−0.38 (0.57)	0.5084
City	β13	−1.03 (0.36)	0.0039	−1.14 (0.22)	<0.0001	−0.42 (0.46)	0.3542
Level of care (ref = Primary)
Secondary LHC	β14	−0.48 (0.25)	0.057	−0.03 (0.10)	0.7857	−0.91 (0.27)	0.0007
Tertiary LHC	β15	−1.54 (0.38)	<0.0001	−1.44 (0.21)	<0.0001	−1.82 (0.40)	<0.0001
Score of delay three	β16	0.81 (0.08)	<0.0001	0.59 (0.07)	<0.0001	0.80 (0.09)	<0.0001
Alpha1 (Within subcluster)						1.42 (0.20)	<0.0001
Alpha2 (between subcluster)						0.74 (0.36)	0.0409
QIC		4307.8523		4285.8152		4209.9376