Table 1.
Baseline Demographic Data, Lesion Characteristics, Procedure Details, and In-Hospital Outcomes
| Age Group, y |
P Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20-29 (n = 238) | 30-39 (n = 3,072) | 40-49 (n = 20,675) | 50-59 (n = 39,287) | 60–69 (n = 72,407) | 70–79 (n = 77,618) | ||
| Characteristics | |||||||
| Age, y | 26 ± 2.8 | 36 ± 2.5 | 45 ± 2.7 | 55 ± 2.9 | 65 ± 2.8 | 74 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Male | 205 (86) | 2,842 (93) | 19,033 (92) | 35,669 (91) | 60,717 (84) | 56,788 (73) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 86 (36) | 1,373 (45) | 11,525 (56) | 24,357 (62) | 47,620 (66) | 54,331 (70) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 45 (19) | 742 (24) | 6,505 (31) | 13,983 (36) | 27,600 (38) | 29,776 (38) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 113 (47) | 1,887 (61) | 13,705 (66) | 25,420 (65) | 43,073 (59) | 42,671 (55) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 112 (47) | 1,948 (63) | 13,012 (63) | 22,234 (57) | 33,109 (46) | 23,726 (31) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (2.5) | 136 (4.4) | 1,156 (5.6) | 3,090 (7.9) | 8,508 (12) | 12,801 (16) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 1 (0.42) | 29 (0.94) | 313 (1.5) | 952 (2.4) | 2,242 (3.1) | 2,592 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| History of PCI | 19 (8.0) | 301 (9.8) | 2,628 (13) | 6,122 (16) | 13,228 (18) | 15,709 (20) | <0.001 |
| History of coronary artery bypass grafting | 3 (1.3) | 12 (0.39) | 91 (0.44) | 333 (0.85) | 966 (1.3) | 1,571 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 11 (4.7) | 69 (2.3) | 699 (3.4) | 1,735 (4.5) | 4,182 (5.9) | 6,285 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 21 (8.9) | 265 (8.7) | 2,201 (11) | 4,982 (13) | 10,205 (14) | 11,751 (15) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (0.84) | 6 (0.20) | 54 (0.26) | 276 (0.70) | 1,079 (1.5) | 2,174 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3 (1.3) | 10 (0.33) | 146 (0.71) | 573 (1.5) | 1,972 (2.7) | 3,407 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis | <0.001 | ||||||
| STEMI | 190 (80) | 2,465 (80) | 16,502 (80) | 30,627 (78) | 55,498 (77) | 57,499 (74) | |
| Non-STEMI | 40 (17) | 506 (16) | 3,472 (17) | 7,286 (19) | 14,284 (20) | 17,191 (22) | |
| Unknown | 8 (3.4) | 101 (3.3) | 701 (3.4) | 1,374 (3.5) | 2,625 (3.6) | 2,928 (3.8) | |
| Presentation on arrival | |||||||
| Cardiopulmonary arrest | 21 (9.0) | 242 (7.9) | 1,448 (7.1) | 2,696 (6.9) | 4,940 (6.9) | 4,637 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Acute heart failure | 23 (9.8) | 244 (8.0) | 1,693 (8.3) | 3,710 (9.6) | 8,181 (11) | 10,473 (14) | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 27 (12) | 284 (9.3) | 1,766 (8.7) | 3,712 (9.6) | 7,997 (11) | 9,064 (12) | <0.001 |
| Access site | <0.001 | ||||||
| Transfemoral intervention | 113 (47) | 1,127 (37) | 7,579 (37) | 14,746 (38) | 28,585 (39) | 31,767 (41) | |
| Transradial intervention | 118 (50) | 1,876 (61) | 12,634 (61) | 23,612 (60) | 41,872 (58) | 43,332 (56) | |
| Others | 7 (2.9) | 69 (2.2) | 461 (2.2) | 929 (2.4) | 1,949 (2.7) | 2,519 (3.2) | |
| Number of diseased vessels | |||||||
| 1 | 187 (79) | 2,297 (75) | 14,094 (68) | 24,742 (63) | 42,212 (58) | 42,744 (55) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 33 (14) | 525 (17) | 4,575 (22) | 9,637 (25) | 19,027 (26) | 21,548 (28) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 12 (5.0) | 232 (7.6) | 1,923 (9.3) | 4,749 (12) | 10,781 (15) | 12,923 (17) | <0.001 |
| LMT lesion | 11 (4.6) | 69 (2.2) | 399 (1.9) | 1,047 (2.7) | 2,817 (3.9) | 3,925 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Target coronary artery | |||||||
| Right coronary artery | 85 (36) | 1,066 (35) | 7,228 (35) | 14,035 (36) | 27,318 (38) | 30,284 (39) | <0.001 |
| LMT–left anterior descending artery | 135 (57) | 1,673 (54) | 11,175 (54) | 21,026 (54) | 37,821 (52) | 40,220 (52) | <0.001 |
| Left circumflex artery | 40 (17) | 540 (18) | 3,883 (19) | 7,888 (20) | 15,241 (21) | 16,577 (21) | <0.001 |
| Bypass graft | 2 (0.84) | 2 (0.065) | 13 (0.063) | 70 (0.18) | 199 (0.27) | 353 (0.45) | <0.001 |
| Devices | |||||||
| Drug-eluting stent (at least 1 drug-eluting stent) | 140 (59) | 2,176 (71) | 16,607 (80) | 32,803 (83) | 60,863 (84) | 64,553 (83) | <0.001 |
| Bare-metal stent (at least 1 bare-metal stent) | 19 (8.0) | 310 (10) | 1,445 (7.0) | 2,311 (5.9) | 4,073 (5.6) | 3,908 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Drug-coated balloon | 11 (4.6) | 136 (4.4%) | 851 (4.1) | 1,535 (3.9) | 3,036 (4.2) | 3,757 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Rotational atherectomy | 1 (0.42) | 10 (0.33) | 67 (0.32) | 184 (0.47) | 581 (0.80) | 952 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||||||
| In-hospital mortality | 4 (1.7) | 44 (1.4) | 288 (1.4) | 609 (1.6) | 1,400 (1.9) | 2,053 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Bleeding complications | 1 (0.42) | 8 (0.26) | 74 (0.36) | 142 (0.36) | 350 (0.48) | 550 (0.71) | <0.001 |
| Access site bleeding | 1 (0.42) | 7 (0.23) | 34 (0.16) | 73 (0.19) | 168 (0.23) | 271 (0.35) | <0.001 |
| Non–access site bleeding | 0 (0) | 1 (0.033) | 41 (0.20) | 74 (0.19) | 194 (0.27) | 296 (0.38) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac tamponade | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (0.048) | 30 (0.076) | 122 (0.17) | 215 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| Postprocedure shock | 6 (2.5) | 59 (1.9) | 375 (1.8) | 836 (2.1) | 1,669 (2.3) | 2,137 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Emergency operation | 0 (0) | 4 (0.13) | 26 (0.13) | 63 (0.16) | 141 (0.19) | 192 (0.25) | 0.002 |
| Acute stent thrombosis | 2 (0.84) | 12 (0.39) | 102 (0.49) | 213 (0.54) | 307 (0.42) | 279 (0.36) | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
LMT = left main trunk; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.