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. 2022 Dec 12;22:711. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03769-2

Table 1.

Classification of congential heart disease (CHD) according to Warnes et al. [3] and their incidence in the current study

Category Complexity Types of patients
n (%)
I. great Conduits, valved or nonvalved
68 (45.3)
Cyanotic congenital heart (all forms)
Double-outlet ventricle
Eisenmenger syndrome
Fontan procedure
Mitral atresia
Single ventricle (also called double inlet or outlet, common or primitive)
Pulmonary atresia (all forms)
Pulmonary vascular obstructive diseases
Transposition of the great arteries
Tricuspid atresia
Truncus arteriosus/hemitruncus
Other abnormalities of atrioventricular or ventriculoarterial connection not included above (i.e., crisscross heart, isomerism, heterotaxy syndromes, ventricular inversion)
II. moderate Aorto-left ventricular fistulae
64 (42.7)
Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, partial or total
Atrioventricular canal defects (partial or complete)
Coarctation of the aorta
Ebstein’s anomaly
Infundibular right ventricular outflow obstruction of significance
Ostium primum atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus (not closed)
Pulmonary valve regurgitation (moderate to severe)
Pulmonic valve stenosis (moderate to severe)
Sinus of Valsalva fistula/aneurysm
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Subvalvar or supravalvar aortic stenosis (except HOCM)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ventricular septal defect with
Absent valve or valves
Aortic regurgitation
Coarctation of the aorta
Mitral disease
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Straddling tricuspid/mitral valve
Subaortic stenosis
III. simple Native disease
18 (12)
Isolated congenital aortic valve disease
Isolated congenital mitral valve disease (e.g., except parachute valve, cleft leaflet)
Isolated patent foramen ovale or small atrial septal defect
Isolated small ventricular septal defect (no associated lesions)
Mild pulmonic stenosis
Repaired conditions
Previously ligated or occluded ductus arteriosus
Repaired secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defect without residua
Repaired ventricular septal defect without residua