Table 1.
Clinical and demographic data of the AS cohort
| Variables | Total | Men | Women | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 220 (100) | 133 (60.45) | 87 (39.54) | |
| Age (median [IQR]) | 72 [66–78] | 71 [65–77] | 75.5 [68–80] | 0.0008 |
| Height (median [IQR]) | 163 [156–170] | 168 [163–172] | 154 [150–157.8] | < 0.0001 |
| Weight (mean ± SD) | 77.11 ±14.30 | 82.18 ± 12.49 | 69.40 ± 13.47 | < 0.0001 |
| Body surface (mean ± SD) | 1.81 ± 0.19 | 1.91 ± 0.15 | 1.67 ± 0.16 | < 0.0001 |
| DM, n (%) | 63 (29.72) | 40 (31.25) | 23 (27.38) | 0.6452 |
| HTA, n (%) | 149 (70.28) | 91 (71.09) | 58 (69.05) | 0.7607 |
| Renal insufficiency, n (%) | 14 (6.60) | 8 (6.25) | 6 (7.14) | 0.7852 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | ||||
| I | 22 (10.78) | 17 (13.49) | 5 (6.41) | |
| II | 123 (60.29) | 83 (65.87) | 40 (51.28) | |
| III | 55 (26.96) | 25 (19.84) | 30 (38.46) | |
| IV | 4 (1.96) | 1 (0.79) | 3 (3.85) | |
| Drug medicines | ||||
| ACEI, n (%) | 53 (25.24) | 32 (25.20) | 21 (25.30) | 1.000 |
| ARB, n (%) | 55 (26.19) | 35 (27.60) | 20 (24.10) | 0.6320 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 116 (54.72) | 63 (49.22) | 53 (63.10) | 0.0499 |
| B-blockers, n (%) | 59 (27.83) | 36 (28.13) | 23 (27.38) | 1.000 |
| Statins, n (%) | 135 (63.68) | 94 (73.44) | 41 (48.81) | 0.0004 |
| Biochemical analyses | ||||
| BNP, pg/mL (median [IQR]) | 128 [56.5–250] | 109.5 [49.5–231.0] | 144 [67–263.5] | 0.1671 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (median [IQR]) | 97 [76–131] | 95.5 [71.5–130.8] | 104 [83.5–131] | 0.1652 |
| HDL, mg/dL (median [IQR]) | 45 [37–57] | 43 [35–53.75] | 49 [38.5–61.0] | 0.0372 |
| LDL, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 107.1 ± 34.15 | 100.1 ± 32.76 | 118.0 ± 33.58 | 0.0003 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| BAV, n (%) | 69 (48.25) | 39 (49.37) | 30 (46.88) | 0.8666 |
| Max gradient (median [IQR]) | 74 [65.3–88.5] | 73 [66–88] | 77 [65–89] | 0.6082 |
| Mean gradient (median [IQR]) | 47 [41–57] | 47 [41–56] | 48 [41–58.5] | 0.5000 |
| Valvular area echocardiography, cm2 (median [IQR]) | 0.72 [0.6–0.9] | 0.8 [0.7–0.9] | 0.7 [0.6–0.8] | 0.0024 |
| End-systolic volume (cc) (median [IQR]) | 41 [25–58.5] | 45.00 [30.25–63.25] | 33 [18.5–55.0] | 0.0039 |
| EF % (median [IQR]) | 67 [58–74] | 66 [57–73] | 67 [59–76.5] | 0.3813 |
| Calcium score (A.U.) (median [IQR]) | 2523 [1785–5116] | 3128 [2118–5367] | 2090 [1504–3888] | 0.0471 |
N sample size (biological replicates), SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, DM diabetes mellitus, HTA arterial hypertension, NYHA class New York Heart Association Classification for Heart Failure, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, HDL high density lipoproteins, LDL low density lipoprotein, BAV bicuspid aortic valve, EF ejection fraction, A.U. Agatston units