Table 2.
Summary of differentially expressed EV contents and their potential diagnostic values in NDs
| Disease | Down-regulated | Up-regulated | AUC | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Specimens | Species | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | APOC3, APOH, C4BPα, CO3, KV230 | AACT, CO9, IGHM, K2C6A | – | – | – | Serum EVs | Human | [172] |
| AD | miR-342-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-125b-5p | miR-141-3p, miR-342-5p | 0.919 | 81.7 | – | Serum EVs | Human | [174] |
| AD | BACE-1-AS-LncRNA (in Pre-AD) | BACE-1-AS-LncRNA (in late AD) | – |
75 (pre-AD) 68 (late-AD) |
100 100 |
Plasma EVs | Human | [177] |
| AD | miR-135a, miR-384 | miR-193b | – | 99 | 95 | Plasma EVs | Human | [175] |
| AD | miR-138-5p, miR-342-3p | miR-29c-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-485-5p | 0.880 | – | – | Serum EVs | Human | [176] |
| AD | – |
Aβ42/40 miR-384 |
0.973 0.909 |
– | – | Blood NCAM+ NDEVs | Human | [178] |
| AD | – | miR-29c-3p | 0.927 | Blood NCAM+ NDEVs | Human | [179] | ||
| AD |
miR-212 miR-132 |
– |
0.84 0.77 |
92.2 | 69 | Blood L1CAM+ NDEVs | Human | [180] |
| AD | – |
tau, p-T181-tau, p-S396-tau, Aβ1−42 |
0.99 | 96 | Blood L1CAM+ NDEVs | Human | [181] | |
| PD | – | α-synuclein | 0.724 | 76.8 | 53.5 | Plasma EVs | Mouse | [183] |
| PD | Prp | – | – | – | – | Plasma EVs | Human | [184] |
| PD |
miR-1 miR-19b-3p |
miR-153, miR-409-3p miR-10a-5p let-7 g-3p |
0.920 0.705 0.990 0.900 |
– | – | CSF EVs | Human | [185] |
| PD | – | α-synuclein, clusterin | 0.98 (PD VS. atypical PD) | – | – | Serum EVs | Human | [119] |
| PD | α-synuclein (in PD VS. MSA) | 0.902 PD VS. MSA) | – | – | Blood MOG+ ODEVs, L1CAM+ NDEVs | Human | [136] | |
| ALS | – | CORO1A | – | – | – | Plasma EVs | Human | [186] |
| ALS | – | TDP-43, NFL | – | – | – | Plasma EVs | Human | [187] |
| ALS | miR-146a-5p | – | – | – | – | CSF EVs | Human | [189] |
| ALS | – |
miR-15a-5p miR-193a-5p |
0.976 0.844 |
92.9 80.0 |
91.7 88.9 |
Plasma EVs | Human | [190] |
| ALS |
miR-10b-5p miR-29b-3p |
miR-146-5p miR-199a-3p, miR-199a-5p miR-151a-3p, miR-151a-5p |
– | – | – | Plasma L1CAM+ NDEVs | Human | [191] |
AACT, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin; CO9, complement component 9; IGHM, immunoglobulin heavy constant mu; K2C6A, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6 A; APOC3, apolipoprotein C-III; APOH, beta-2-glycoprotein 1; C4BPα, C4b-binding protein alpha chain; CO3, Complement C3; KV230 immunoglobulin kappa variable 2–30