Table 1.
Characteristics of the study group: lifestyle, taking into account the severity of COVID-19, its duration and the number of present clinical symptoms.
| Variable |
COVID-19 severity |
The sum of the symptoms during COVID-19 |
The duration of the symptoms (days) during COVID-19 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The entire group (N = 568) |
Asymptomatic and mild (N = 209) |
Moderate and severe (N = 359) |
p | Median [Q1; Q3] | p |
Median [Q1; Q3] |
p | ||
| Age | Mean± SD | 70.41 ± 4.64 | 70.46 ± 4.79 | 70.38 ± 4.57 | 0.431 | – | – | – | – |
| Median [Q1; Q3] |
69 [67; 73] |
69 [67; 73] |
69 [67; 73] |
– | – | – | – | ||
| BMI | Mean± SD | 28.77 ± 5.22 | 29.10 ± 5.74 | 28.58 ± 5.23 | 0.775 | – | – | – | – |
| Median [Q1; Q3] |
28.1 [25.6; 31.3] |
28.4 [25.8; 31.6] |
28.6 [25.5; 31.2] |
– | – | – | – | ||
| Sex | Female | 364 (64.1%) |
127 (34.9%) |
237 (65.1%) |
0.243 | 8 [5; 10] |
0.001 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.928 |
| Male | 204 (35.9%) |
82 (40.2% |
122 (59.8%) |
7 [4; 9] |
10 [6; 14] |
||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | Yes | 128 (22.5%) |
41 (32.0%) |
87 (68.0%) |
0.204 | 8 [5.5; 10] |
0.171 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.315 |
| No | 440 (77.5%) |
168 (38.2%) |
272 (61.8%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Coronary Artery Disease | Yes | 101 (17.8%) |
2322.8%) | 78 (77.2%) |
0.001 | 7 [5; 10] |
0.016 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.131 |
| No | 467 (82.2%) |
186 (39.8%) |
281 (60.2%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Heart Failure | Yes | 23 (4.1%) |
6 (26.1%) |
17 (73.9%) |
0.281 | 8 [5; 12] |
0.234 | 10 [7; 14]] |
0.857 |
| No | 544 (95.9%) |
202 (37.1%) |
342 (62.9%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [8; 14] |
||||
| Hypertension | Yes | 379 (66.7%) |
137 (36.2%) |
242 (63.8%) |
0.650 | 8 [5; 10] |
0.015 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.735 |
| No | 189 (33.3%) |
72 (38.1%) |
117 (61.9%) |
7 [4; 9] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| COPD | Yes | 36 (6.3%) |
11 (30.6%) |
25 (69.4%) |
0.532 | 10.5 [7; 12] |
0.001 | 14 [8; 14] |
0.150 |
| No | 532 (93.7%) |
198 (37.2%) |
334 (62.8%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Asthma | Yes | 67 (11.8%) |
20 (29.9%) |
47 (70.1%) |
0.209 | 8 [6; 11] |
0.003 | 9 [7; 14] |
0.883 |
| No | 501 (88.2%) |
189 (37.7%) |
312 (62.3%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Comorbidities | Yes | 502 (88.4%) |
181 (36.1%) |
321 (63.9%) |
0.382 | 8 [5; 10] |
0.012 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.651 |
| No | 66 (11.6%) |
28 (42.4%) |
38 (57.6%) |
6 [4; 9] |
10 [6; 14] |
||||
| Any sleep disorders | Yes | 207 (36.4%) |
79 (38.2%) |
128 (61.8%) |
0.673 | 8 [6; 11] |
< 0.001 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.208 |
| No | 361 (67.3%) |
130 (36.0%) |
231 (64.0%) |
7 [4; 10] |
10 [6; 14] |
||||
| Smoking | Yes | 39 (6.9%) |
21 (53.9%) |
18 (46.2%) |
0.034 | 6 [4; 10] |
0.449 | 7 [5; 10] |
0.013 |
| No | 529 (93.1%) |
188 (35.5%) |
341 (64.5%) |
8 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Stress in the last 4 weeks before COVID-19 | Yes | 83 (14.6%) |
23 (27.7%) |
60 (72.3%) |
0.082 | 9 [5; 11] |
0.001 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.010 |
| No | 485 (85.4%) |
186 (38.4%) |
299 (61.7%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Regular activity 3 months before COVID-19 | Yes | 181 (31.9%) |
101 (55.8%) |
80 (44.2%) |
< 0.001 | 7 [4; 9] |
0.128 | 8 [6; 14] |
0.022 |
| No | 387 (68.1%) |
108 (27.9%) |
279 (72.1%) |
8 [5; 10] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| COVID-19 Vaccination (n = 145) | Yes | 100 (68.9%) |
44 (44.0%) |
56 (56.0%) |
0.223 | 8 [5; 10] |
0.972 | 8 [7; 14] |
0.042 |
| No | 45 (31.1%) |
15 (33.3%) |
30 (66.7%) |
8 [6; 0] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| Pandemic Wave | II | 187 (32.9%) |
80 (42.8%) |
107 (57.2%) |
0.017 | 7 [4; 10] |
0.497 | 10 [7; 14] |
0.005 |
| III | 212 (37.4%) |
61 (28.8%) |
151 (71.2%) |
7 [5; 10] |
10 [8; 14] |
||||
| IV | 104 (18.3%) |
40 (38.5%) |
64 (61.5%) |
8 [6; 9] |
10 [7; 14] |
||||
| V | 65 (11.4%) |
28 (43.1%) |
37 (56.9%) |
7 [5; 9] |
7 [5; 10] |
||||
| COVID-19 Severity | Asymptomatic/ mild | – | – | – | – | 6 [3; 8] |
< 0.001 | 7 [4; 10] |
< 0.001 |
| Moderate / severe |
– | – | – | – | 8 [6; 10] |
12 [9; 14] |
|||
SD – Standard deviation; Q1; Q3 – first and third quartile; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI – Body Mass Index. Statistically significant values are in bold with the significance level set at p < 0.05.