Table 1. Characteristics of participants with self-reported coronary heart disease at the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
| Coronary heart disease | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Age (years)* | 51.8 (9.0) | 60.9 (8.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Age stratum (%) | |||
| 35-44 | 3,333 (22.7) | 7 (1.7) | < 0.0001 |
| 45-54 | 5,848 (39.8) | 86 (21.2) | |
| 55-64 | 4,060 (27.6) | 172 (42.5) | |
| 65-74 | 1,448 (9.9) | 140 (34.6) | |
| Female (%) | 8,065 (54.9) | 148 (36.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Race (%) | |||
| White | 7,574 (52.2) | 212 (53.5) | 0.199 |
| Mixed | 4,102 (28.3) | 98 (24.7) | |
| Black | 2,325 (16.0) | 69 (17.4) | |
| Asian | 364 (2.5) | 9 (2.3) | |
| Indigenous | 149 (1.0) | 8 (2.0) | |
| Educational level (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 1,803 (12.3) | 114 (28.1) | < 0.0001 |
| High school and some college/university | 4,108 (28.0) | 94 (23.2) | |
| Completed college/university or more | 8,778 (59.8) | 197 (48.6) | |
| Mean monthly family income (%) | |||
| ≤ USD 1,245 | 3,868 (26.4) | 121 (30.1) | 0.026 |
| USD 1,246 to 3,319 | 5,579 (38.1) | 127 (31.6) | |
| ≥ USD 3,320 | 5,178 (35.4) | 154 (38.3) | |
| Private health insurance (%) | 10,024 (68.2) | 272 (67.2) | 0.643 |
| Smoker (%) | |||
| Never | 8,423 (57.3) | 164 (40.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Past | 4,332 (29.5) | 197 (48.6) | |
| Current | 1,933 (13.2) | 44 (10.9) | |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | |||
| Never | 1,545 (10.5) | 66 (16.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Past | 2,927 (20.0) | 104 (25.9) | |
| Current | 10,195 (69.5) | 231 (57.6) | |
| Dietary quality score* | 69.7 (9.3) | 71.3 (10.9) | 0.004 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (%) | |||
| Inactive | 9,129 (63.1) | 286 (71.3) | 0.003 |
| Insufficiently active | 1,830 (12.6) | 42 (10.5) | |
| Active | 3,517 (24.3) | 73 (18.2) | |
| Commuting physical activity (%) | |||
| Inactive | 3,856 (26.7) | 106 (26.4) | 0.884 |
| Insufficiently active | 5,608 (38.8) | 152 (37.9) | |
| Active | 4,984 (34.5) | 143 (35.7) | |
| Family history (%) | 3,052 (21.1) | 139 (35.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 8,331 (57.2) | 326 (81.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 5,090 (34.7) | 304 (75.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 2,796 (19.0) | 171 (42.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 902 (6.2) | 75 (18.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Depression (%) | 607 (4.1) | 29 (7.2) | 0.003 |
| Body mass index (kg/m²)* | 27.0 (4.8) | 28.1 (4.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 91.1 (12.9) | 97.0 (12.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)** | 114.0 (81;165) | 127.0 (95;173) | < 0.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)* | 131.5 (34.8) | 114.1 (40.5) | < 0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)* | 56.8 (14.6) | 51.54 (13.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Medication adherence (%) | |||
| Adherent | 3,130 (37.0) | 163 (44.3) | 0.005 |
| Non-adherent | 5,321 (63.0) | 205 (55.7) | |
USD = United States dollars; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein.
*Presented as the mean (with SD); **Presented as the median (with interquartile interval).