. 2022 Dec 12;26:383. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04272-x

Table 2.

Ventilator and ECMO settings, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchanges from T0 to H + 48 h

Variable	T₀			H_+24 h			H_+48 h
Variable	Ultra-lung-protective group	Lung-protective group	p value	Ultra-lung-protective group	Lung-protective group	p value	Ultra-lung-protective group	Lung-protective group	p value
Ventilatory mode ACV/APRV/PSV, n (%)	19 (95)/1 (5)/0 (0)	13 (72)/5 (28)/0 (0)	0.055	19 (95)/1 (5)/0 (0)	13 (72)/5 (28)/0 (0)	0.055	17 (85)/3 (20)/ 0 (0)	12 (67)/ 6 (33)/ 0 (0)	0.18
No. of patients	20	18		20	18		20	18
Tidal volume (mL/PBW)	2.6 (1.9–3.8)	3.5 (2.8–4.2)	0.04	1.8 (1.7–2.0)	2.9 (2.4–3.9)	< 0.001	1.9 (1.6–2.0)	3.3 (2.4–3.8)	0.001
No. of patients	18	18		19	18		20	18
Respiratory rate (breaths/min)	13 (10–15)	15 (11–21)	0.34	10 (10–13)	15 (12–20)	0.003	10 (10–10)	15 (11–22)	0.001
No. of patients	18	18		20	18		20	18
PEEP (cmH₂O)	13 (11–14)	14 (12–15)	0.38	13 (10–16)	12 (12–15)	0.73	12 (10–15)	14 (12–14)	0.23
No. of patients	17	16		19	15		18	15
Plateau pressure (cmH₂O)	24 (21–25)	25 (24–27)	0.07	24 (20–24)	24 (23–26)	0.04	21 (18–23)	24 (22–26)	0.01
No. of patients	17	15		19	15		19	15
Minute ventilation (L/min)	2.2 (1.4–3.0)	3.1 (2.2–6.1)	0.03	1.3 (1.1–1.4)	2.8 (2.1–5.1)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	2.8 (2.1–5.1)	0.001
No. of patients	18	18		19	18		20	18
Driving pressure (cmH₂O)	10 (7–15)	11 (9–15)	0.59	10 (7–15)	10 (8–13)	0.25	9 (6–11)	10 (8–14)	0.21
No. of patients	17	14		19	13		18	13
Respiratory system compliance (mL/cmH₂O)	17 (14–21)	21 (13–35)	0.2	13 (10–19)	19 (10–24)	0.25	15 (11–22)	20 (11–32)	0.46
No. of patients	17	14		19	13		18	13
P_{L. exp} (cmH₂O)	3 (1–4)	6 (4–6)	0.07	3 (2–5)	− 2 (− 4 to + 5)	0.2	2 (1–3)	1.5 (− 2 to + 5)	1
No. of patients	7	3		11	8		8	8
Mechanical power (J/min)	2.7 (1.7–3.9)	3.9 (2.9–5.6)	0.04	2.5 (2.0–2.6)	5.3 (3.7–6.5)	< 0.001	2.4 (2.2–3.2)	5.4 (3.3–6.5)	0.003
No. of patients	12	12		13	13		14	13
ECMO blood flow (L/min)	4 (3.7–5.0)	4.6 (3.9–5.2)	0.31	4.5 (3.9–4.8)	4.3 (3.6–5.0)	0.63	4.4 (4.1–5.0)	4.0 (3.5–5.1)	0.18
No. of patients	18	18		20	18		20	18
Sweep gas flow (L/min)	4 (3–5)	3.5 (3–5)	0.91	5 (4–7)	4 (3.5–6)	0.34	6 (5–7)	4.5 (3.5–6)	0.04
No. of patients	18	18		18	18		19	18
Membrane FmO₂ (%)	100 (100–100)	100 (100–100)	1	100 (100–100)	100 (100–100)	1	100 (100–100)	100 (100–100)	1
No. of patients	20	18		20	18		20	18
pH	7.40 (7.36–7.44)	7.40 (7.34–7.45)	0.88	7.41 (7.37–7.45)	7.41 (7.36–7.45)	0.72	7.37 (7.35–7.45)	7.41 (7.34–7.44)	0.85
No. of patients	17	18		20	18		20	18
PaO₂ (mmHg)	82 (69–115)	97 (73–118)	0.71	82 (68–98)	81 (69–104)	0.88	75 (69–83)	81 (68–92)	0.48
No. of patients	17	18		20	18		20	18
PaCO₂ (mmHg)	49 (40–56)	43 (37–51)	0.23	47 (45–53)	45 (41–53)	0.41	48 (44–54)	47 (43–57)	0.67
No. of patients	17	18		20	18		20	18

Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%)

ACV assisted controlled ventilation, APRV airway pressure release ventilation, PSV pressure support ventilation, PBW predicted body weight, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, P_{L. exp} expiratory transpulmonary pressure

Driving pressure was defined as plateau pressure minus positive end-expiratory pressure. PaO₂ = partial pressure of arterial oxygen; PaCO₂ = partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide. FmO2 = fraction of membrane oxygen. Static compliance was defined as tidal volume divided by driving pressure. Expiratory transpulmonary pressure (P_{L. exp}) was calculated as total PEEP minus expiratory esophageal pressure. Mechanical power (MP) was calculated as follows: MP = 0.098 × tidal volume x respiratory rate x (peak airway pressure − ½ × driving pressure)