. 2022 Dec 12;2022(12):CD013434. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013434.pub2

4. Sensitivity analysis for easy participants.

Outcomes		Original results	RCTs only	Low ROB studies only
First‐pass success of cannulation	ES	0.89 (0.85, 0.94)	0.89 (0.85, 0.94)	0.89 (0.85, 0.94)
First‐pass success of cannulation	I²	NA ^*1	NA^*1	NA^*1
Overall success of cannulation	ES	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Overall success of cannulation	I²	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Pain	ES	0.60 (0.17, 1.03)	0.60 (0.17, 1.03)	0.60 (0.17, 1.03)
Pain	I²	NA ^*1	NA ^*1	NA ^*1
Procedure time for first‐pass cannulation	ES	94.8 (81.2, 108.5)	94.8 (81.2, 108.5)	94.8 (81.2, 108.5)
Procedure time for first‐pass cannulation	I²	NA ^*1	NA ^*1	NA ^*1
Procedure time for overall cannulation	ES	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Procedure time for overall cannulation	I²	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Number of cannulation attempts	ES	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Number of cannulation attempts	I²	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Patient satisfaction	ES	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Patient satisfaction	I²	NA ^*2	NA ^*2	NA ^*2
Overall complications	ES	2.48 (0.90, 6.87)	2.48 (0.90, 6.87)	2.48 (0.90, 6.87)
Overall complications	I²	NA ^*1	NA ^*1	NA ^*1

Dichotomous outcomes shown as RR (95% CI), continuous outcomes as MD or SMD (95% CI) ES: effect size; MD: mean difference; NA: not applicable; RCT: randomised controlled trial; ROB: risk of bias; RR: risk ratio; SMD: standardised mean difference *1: only one study; *2: no study