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. 2022 Dec 12;2022(12):CD013434. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013434.pub2

Comparison 3. Pain.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
3.1 Difficulty levels defined by original studies 7 1410 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.05 [‐0.42, 0.51]
3.1.1 Difficult 4 323 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.13, 0.72]
3.1.2 Moderate 1 401 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.47, 0.67]
3.1.3 Easy 1 596 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.17, 1.03]
3.1.4 No restriction by intravenous access difficulty level 1 90 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.85, 0.65]
3.2 Difficulty levels defined by the success rate with landmark method 7 1410 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.05 [‐0.42, 0.51]
3.2.1 Difficult 3 305 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.49 [‐1.48, 0.49]
3.2.2 Moderate 2 491 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.43, 0.48]
3.2.3 Easy 1 596 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.17, 1.03]
3.2.4 No results on both first‐pass and overall success of cannulation 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [‐0.52, 2.32]
3.3 Operators finished any training program for ultrasound‐guided peripheral venous cannulation 4 323 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.13, 0.72]
3.3.1 Finished 3 305 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.49 [‐1.48, 0.49]
3.3.2 Not specified 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [‐0.52, 2.32]
3.4 Types of operators 4 323 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.13, 0.72]
3.4.1 Nurses 3 131 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐1.68, 0.95]
3.4.2 Technicians 1 192 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.20 [‐0.61, 1.01]
3.5 Setting 4 323 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.13, 0.72]
3.5.1 Emergency department 4 323 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.13, 0.72]
3.6 Year of publication 4 323 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐1.13, 0.72]
3.6.1 Publication year: 1999 ~ 2008 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [‐0.52, 2.32]
3.6.2 Publication year: 2009 ~ 3 305 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.49 [‐1.48, 0.49]