Costantino 2005.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | Quasi‐randomised (participants' presentation on an odd or even day), open‐label trial | |
| Participants | Setting: ED Number of participants: 60 (USG 39, LM 21) Age, mean (SD) years: not specified Difficulty: difficult (at least 3 failed attempts and a history of difficult IV cannulation) Sites of peripheral veins: upper extremity | |
| Interventions |
Technique
LM vs USG:
Machine: Versapro (Siemens) with a 7.5 MHz probe or Sonosite 180 plus (Sonosite) with an 8.0 MHz probe
Axis: short
Guidance: dynamic Operator Profession: emergency physicians (resident and attending) Number of operators: 20 Experience of USG before the study: yes Length of experience with USG before the study: not specified A training programme of USG for the study: yes Number of clinical cases with USG required or experienced before the study intervention started: not specified Needle Length: 32 mm Gauge: 18 |
|
| Outcomes | First‐pass success of cannulation, overall success of cannulation, procedure time for overall cannulation, number of attempts, patient satisfaction, complications Definition of successful cannulation: blood return from a catheter Definition of start and end of time measurement Start: first percutaneous puncture End: successful cannulation |
|
| Funding | None | |
| Declarations of interest | Not specified | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | Systematically allocated based on the day of presentation to the ED (odd day: USG, even day: LM) |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Concealment is impossible due to method of allocation |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) First‐pass success of cannulation | High risk | Blinding of participants and operators is impossible due to the nature of the intervention. Operators assessed the outcome themselves |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Overall‐success of cannulation | High risk | Blinding of participants and operators is impossible due to the nature of the intervention. Operators assessed the outcome themselves |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Procedure time for overall cannulation | High risk | Blinding of participants and operators is impossible due to the nature of the intervention. Operators assessed the outcome themselves |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Number of attempts | High risk | Blinding of participants and operators is impossible due to the nature of the intervention. Operators assessed the outcome themselves |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Patient satisfaction | High risk | Blinding of participants and operators is impossible due to the nature of the intervention. Operators assessed the outcome themselves |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Overall complications | High risk | Blinding of participants and operators is impossible due to the nature of the intervention. Operators assessed the outcome themselves |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) First‐pass success of cannulation | Low risk | The outcome was available for all participants |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Overall success of cannulation | Low risk | The outcome was available for all participants |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Procedure time for overall cannulation | Low risk | The outcome was available for all participants |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Number of attempts | Low risk | The outcome was available for all participants |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Patient satisfaction | Low risk | The outcome was available for all participants |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Overall complications | Low risk | The outcome was available for all participants |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No study register or protocol was available |
| Other bias | Low risk | No concerns about other sources of bias |
| Overall risk First‐pass success of cannulation | High risk | At least one domain was at high risk |
| Overall risk Overall success of cannulation | High risk | At least one domain was at high risk |
| Overall risk Procedure time for overall cannulation | High risk | At least one domain was at high risk |
| Overall risk Number of attempts | High risk | At least one domain was at high risk |
| Overall risk Patient satisfaction | High risk | At least one domain was at high risk |
| Overall risk Overall complications | High risk | At least one domain was at high risk |