Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants (N=245)
| Study Characteristic | Median (IQR) or Proportion (%) |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Age (years) | Median=53.4 (45.7-59.5) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White | 64 (26.1%) |
| Black/African American | 92 (37.6%) |
| Latina | 37 (15.1%) |
| Multiracial | 29 (11.8%) |
| Other | 23 (9.4%) |
| Post-menopausal c | 154 (63.1%) |
| Substance Use | |
| Cotinine/Nicotine e | 169 (69.0%) |
| Cocaine/Benzoylecgonine e | 129 (52.7)% |
| Cannabis (THC) e | 125 (51%) |
| Levamisole e | 83 (33.9%) |
| Methamphetamine e | 71 (29.0%) |
| Alcohol (as determined by ethyl glucuronide) e | 71 (29.0%) |
| Opioids other than heroin e | 55 (22.4%) |
| Cocaethylene e | 42 (17.1%) |
| Heroin/ Monoacetylmorphine-6 e | 5 (2.0%) |
| Fentanyl/Norfentanyl e | 6 (2.4%) |
| History of Chronic Health Conditions | |
| Diabetes f | 37 (15.2%) |
| Prior myocardial infarction f | 20 (8.2%) |
| Prior stroke f | 28 (11.5%) |
| HIV-positive g | 77 (31.4%) |
| HCV-positive f | 78 (32.0%) |
| Pharmaceutical Drug Use | |
| Acetaminophen e | 64 (26.1%) |
| Methadone e | 53 (21.6%) |
| Lidocaine e | 38 (15.5%) |
| Benzodiazepine e | 21 (8.6%) |
| Beta blocker e | 14 (5.7%) |
| Antihypertensive e | 11 (4.5%) |
| Calcium channel blocker e | 10 (4.1%) |
| Buprenorphine/Norbuprenorphine e | 1 (0.4%) |
| Statin e | 0 (0.0%) |
| Naloxone e | 0 (0.0%) |
| Current Health Status | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Median=27.9 (23.2-34.0) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Median=129.0 (115.0-145.0) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Median=85.0 (77.0-93.5) |
| Hypertension | |
| No hypertension | 58 (23.5%) |
| Elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥120 mm Hg or diastolic ≥80 mm Hg) | 12 (4.9%) |
| Stage 1 hypertension (systolic ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic ≥80 mm Hg) | 70 (28.3%) |
| Stage 2 hypertension (systolic ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg) | 102 (41.3%) |
| Hypertensive crisis (systolic ≥180 mm Hg or diastolic ≥120 mm Hg) | 5 (2.0%) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | Median=93.0 (77.0-117.0) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | Median=61.0 (47.0-73.0) |
| High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (mg/L) | Median=3.1 (0.9-8.9) |
| High-sensitivity Troponin I (ng/L) | Median=2.0 (1.0-3.0) |
| Left Ventricular Mass Index (g/m2) | Median= 86.8 (72.9-100) |
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction | Median= 63% (58%-68%) |
c
>1 year since last menstrual period
e
Positive toxicology results
f
Self-reported
g
ELISA test results