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. 2022 Dec 2;10:e14472. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14472

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©2022 Wen et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

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(A) H & E-stained sperm cells from WT and Ctsb^-/- mice, where morphologically abnormal sperm is indicated by the arrows. (B) The ratio of morphologically abnormal sperm in the testis, caput epididymis (caput) and cauda epididymis (cauda) of WT and Ctsb^-/- mice. (C) The ratios of sperm cells with abnormal heads, coiled tails, and that were decapitated in the cauda epididymides of WT and Ctsb^-/- mice. (D) PNA-stained acrosomes in the sperm cells of WT and Ctsb^-/- mice. (E) The ratio of morphologically abnormal acrosomes in the sperm cells of WT and Ctsb^-/- mice. (F) Sperm counts in the cauda epididymides of WT and Ctsb^-/- mice. (G) CASA analysis of sperm cells from the cauda epididymides of WT and Ctsb^-/- mice. PR, progressive motility; NP, non-progressive motility; IM, immobilized sperm. * P < 0.05 vs WT , ** P < 0.01 vs WT, NS, non-significant. n ≥ 4 in each group.