Fig 2. Modeling strategy.

We adopted a model-based approach, fitting the hyperparameters θ of an internal sequence model (upper box), together with low level effects (the spatial distance between subsequent response locations, response repetition, error and post-error trials; lower box) to participants’ response times. The contribution of the sequence model is the scaled log of the predictive probability of each key press k (one of the four keys, marked as transparent square), given the context u (previous events, marked as a string of colored squares). The sequence model makes predictions by flexibly combining information from deepening windows onto the past, considering fewer or more previous stimuli.