a,b. IL-1β in supernatants of human monocyte-derived macrophages treated with mesaconate, itaconate, DMI or 4-OI of indicated concentrations, LPS stimulation as well as NLRP3 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation by nigericin or a mixture of BsaK and protective antigen, respectively, following the pre- (a) or post-treatment protocol (b) as shown at the top. c. IL-1β in supernatants of human whole blood pre-treated with mesaconate, itaconate, DMI or 4-OI of indicated concentrations for 4 h prior to LPS stimulation overnight. Data are shown as mean ± SEM calculated from n = 5 donors. P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnet post-test and overlayed on respective comparisons.