Extended Data Table 1 |.
Itaconate | Mesaconate | |
Synthesis (stimulant) | in LPS-stimulated macrophages | |
Precursor | cis-aconitate | itaconate |
Synthetic enzyme | IRG1(ACOD1) | SUCLG, AUH and others? |
Effect on glycolysis | to reduce glycolysis | |
Effect on SDH activity | to inhibit | no effect |
Effect on respiration | to inhibit | to mildly reduce |
Effect on cytokines | IL-6/IL-12 ⇩, CXCL10 ⇧ | |
Dependence on NRF2 and ATF3 | no |
Abbreviations: IRG1: Immunoresponsive gene 1, aka. Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1); SUCLG, Succinate-CoA Ligase; AUH: AU RNA binding protein/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase, aka. Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase; SDH: Succinate dehydrogenase.