Table 1.
Characteristics of infections occurring in COVID-19 patients and those occurring in uninfected subjects between 26 February 2020 and 1 May 2021, and those occurring among influenza-positive patients between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019s (***P < 0.001)
| COVID-positive | COVID-negative | FLU-positive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 42 468 | N = 266 261 | 4059 | |
| Overall coinfections | |||
| Total number of coinfections (N) | 1321 | 4731 | 166 |
| Number of positive patients (N) | 631 | 2884 | 124 |
| Ratio M/F | 471/160 (2.9)*** | 1791/1093 (1.64) | 63/61 (1.03) |
| Median hospital stay (days) | 8.69*** | 3.61 | 1.34 |
| Healthcare-associated (N, %) | 1081/1318 (82)*** | 2862/4687 (61.1) | 71/161 (44.1) |
| Median age (years) | 67.33*** | 64.5 | 60.73 |
| Time to coinfection (days) | 9.7*** | NA | 5.53 |
| Number of coinfections in ICU (n′/N, %) | 1108/1321 (83.9)*** | 2219/4728 (46.9) | 58/166 (34.9) |
| Ratio M/F in ICU | 362/104 (3.48)*** | 665/358 (1.38) | 19/14 (1.36) |
| Median ICU stay (days) | 9.63*** | 6709 | 5.17 |
| Respiratory infections | |||
| Number of coinfections (N) | 1069 | 2697 | 87 |
| Number of positive patients (N′) | 535 | 1492 | 68 |
| Number of tested patients (N″) | 1503 | 3632 | 638 |
| Positivity rate (N′/N″, %) | 535/1503 (35.6) | 1492/3632 (41.1)*** | 68/638 (10.7) |
| Ratio M/F | 842/227 (3.7)*** | 1812/885 (2.1) | 46/41 (1.1) |
| Median hospital stay (days) | 8731*** | 4.64 | 1817 |
| Healthcare-associated (n/N, %) | 899/1066 (84.3)*** | 1894/2680 (70.7) | 41/85 (48.2) |
| Mean age (years) | 66.16 | 61.6 | 64.3 |
| Time to coinfection (days, mean) | 9.8 | – | 5.95 |
| Number of coinfections in ICU (n′/N, %) | 948/1069 (88.7)*** | 1640/2694 (60.9) | 40/87 (46) |
| Median ICU stay (days) | 9.2*** | 6.8 | 3.9 |
| Blood cultures | |||
| Number of coinfections (N) | 252 | 2034 | 79 |
| Number of positive patients (N′) | 209 | 1686 | 67 |
| Number of tested patients (N″) | 5580 | 11 526 | 1864 |
| Positivity rate (N′/N″, %) | 209/5580 (3.75) | 1686/11 526 (14.6)*** | 67/1864 (3.6) |
| Ratio M/F | 160/49 (3.3)*** | 1028/658 (1.6) | 44/35 (1.3) |
| Median hospital stay (days) | 8.632*** | 1.761 | 0.06111 |
| Healthcare-associated (n/N, %) | 182/252 (72.2)*** | 968/2007 (48.2) | 30/76 (39.5) |
| Median age (years) | 66.9 | 66.9 | 52.06*** |
| Time to coinfection (days) | 9.1 | – | 5.1 |
| Number of coinfections in ICU (n′/N, %) | 160/252 (63.5)*** | 579/2034 (28.5) | 18/79 (22.8) |
| Median ICU stay (days) | 12.95*** | 6.48 | 14.3 |
Values in bold indicate the group for which the difference is the most significant.