Table 2.
Results of final multivariable model demonstrating risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity following in-hospital exposure to a known COVID-19 index case
| N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Female (Ref) | 1422 (78.5) | |||
| Male | 389 (21.5) | 1.31 (0.97–1.77) | 1.42 (1.04–1.95) | 0.031 |
| Nationality | ||||
| Irish (Ref) | 1093 (60.3) | |||
| Indian | 242 (13.4) | 1.03 (0.8–1.53) | 0.88 (0.55–1.35) | 0.561 |
| Filipino | 206 (11.4) | 1.1 (0.72–1.66) | 0.85 (0.55–1.32) | 0.473 |
| African | 43 (2.4) | 0.94 (0.39–2.26) | 0.78 (0.31–1.95) | 0.588 |
| Eastern European | 43 (2.4) | 2.58 (1.33–5.05) | 3.33 (1.6–6.93) | 0.001 |
| Other European | 40 (2.2) | 1.99 (0.95–4.14) | 1.56 (0.7–3.48) | 0.281 |
| Asian/Australia Pacific | 29 (1.6) | 0.69 (0.22–2.3) | 0.78 (0.22–2.74) | 0.694 |
| North American | 11 (0.6) | 0 (0, Inf) | 0 (0, Inf) | 0.974 |
| Latin American/Caribbean | 1 (0.05) | 0 (0, Inf) | 0 (0, Inf) | 0.993 |
| Other/unknown | 103 (5.7) | 2.06 (1.29–3.3) | 1.38 (0.83–2.28) | 0.21 |
| Exposure location | ||||
| Medical ward (Ref) | 693 (38.3) | |||
| Intensive care unit | 82 (4.5) | 0.58 (0.26–1.29) | 0.35 (0.15–0.79) | 0.012 |
| Acute medical ward | 104 (5.7) | 1.2 (0.68–2.1) | 0.81 (0.44–1.46) | 0.476 |
| Administration/clerical | 31 (1.7) | 1.49 (0.6–3.71) | 2.13 (0.79–5.77) | 0.137 |
| Allied health | 20 (1.1) | 1.1 (0.32–3.81) | 1.48 (0.4–5.5) | 0.562 |
| COVID-19 ward | 200 (11.0) | 2.4 (1.74–3.52) | 2.07 (1.39–3.08) | <0.001 |
| Emergency department | 58 (3.2) | 1.27 (0.61–2.58) | 1.29 (0.6–2.78) | 0.512 |
| Laboratory | 39 (2.2) | 0.71 (0.25–2.04) | 1.43 (0.46–4.39) | 0.534 |
| Oncology/haematology ward | 49 (2.7) | 0.26 (0.06–1.1) | 0.59 (0.14–2.54) | 0.476 |
| Otherb | 157 (8.7) | 1.59 (1.02–2.48) | 1.75 (1.08–2.81) | 0.022 |
| Outpatients department | 53 (2.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.41) | 1.2 (0.52–2.75) | 0.671 |
| Pharmacy | 5 (0.3) | 1.55 (0.17–14.04) | 1.79 (0.17–18.45) | 0.627 |
| Psychiatric ward | 20 (1.1) | 1.55 (0.51–4.74) | 2.9 (0.88–9.63) | 0.081 |
| Radiology department | 17 (0.9) | 0.39 (0.05–2.96) | 0.52 (0.06–4.19) | 0.54 |
| Support | 56 (3.1) | 0.74 (0.31–1.78) | 1.17 (0.46–2.96) | 0.735 |
| Surgical ward | 200 (11.0) | 1.04 (0.64–1.65) | 1.3 (0.8–2.09) | 0.286 |
| Theatre | 26 (1.4) | 0.51 (0.17–2.3) | 0.77 (0.17–3.49) | 0.736 |
| Contact type | ||||
| Patient – staff not wearing PPE (ref) | 294 (16.2) | |||
| Patient – PPE unknown | 43 (2.4) | 1.36 (0.65–2.79) | 1.11 (0.56–2.5) | 0.817 |
| Patient – staff wearing PPE | 470 (26.0) | 0.56 (0.38–0.82) | 0.59 (0.39–0.9) | 0.01 |
| Staff | 841 (46.4) | 0.69 (0.48–0.97) | 0.88 (0.6–1.28) | 0.053 |
| Other/unknown | 163 (9.0) | 0.7 (0.42–1.15) | 0.66 (0.35–1.08) | 0.094 |
| Vaccine status | ||||
| Unvaccinated (Ref) | 1634 (90.2) | |||
| At least one dose received | 177 (9.8) | 0.37 (0.2–0.69) | 0.4 (0.23–0.77) | 0.006 |
| Timepoint in pandemic | ||||
| Wave 1 (Ref) | 931 (51.4) | |||
| Wave 2 | 312 (17.2) | 0.21 (0.13–0.34) | 0.18 (0.11–0.3) | <0.001 |
| Wave 3 | 568 (31.4) | 0.24 (0.18–0.34) | 0.21 (0.14–0.34) | <0.001 |
The variables highlighted as bold in this table are those variables that had significant findings on multivariable analysis.
a
P-values relate to adjusted odd ratios (OR).
b
Exposure location ‘Other’ includes miscellaneous hospital locations such as tutorial rooms, doctor's residence, chapel and non-administrative offices.