TABLE 1.
Key constituents of synthetic biology. Grey shading denotes the constituent in use in the indicated sector
| Constituents | In use in academia | In use in industry |
|---|---|---|
| Genetic parts, for example, promoters, terminators, RBS | ||
| Broad‐host range plasmids | ||
| Genome miniaturization | ||
| Metabolic engineering | ||
| DNA sequencing | ||
| Codon optimization | ||
| DNA data storage | ||
| Self‐organizing multicellular structures | ||
| Protein engineering | ||
| CRISPR‐Cas | ||
| Multiplexed genome editing | ||
| High‐throughput screening and automation | ||
| Synthetic chromosomes | ||
| Microbiome engineering | ||
| DNA assembly | ||
| Gene drives | ||
| Bioprospecting | ||
| Cell‐free systems | ||
| Xenobiology | ||
| Genetic logic circuits | ||
| Modelling and machine learning | ||
| DNA synthesis | ||
| Directed evolution | ||
| Synthetic organelles |