Table 1.

The list of included studies on skin disease therapeutic effects with N. sativa.

Authors/years	Study design	Type of skin disease	Age	Sample size	Forms of drug use	Dosage	Duration	Improvement frequency	Clinical score index before/after treatment	References
Stern et al./2002	Prospective	Atopic dermatitis	Nr	20	Topical (ointment)	15% black seed oil other daily	4 weeks	Nr	1.71/1.01%	[10]
Kalus et al./2003	Double-blinded RCT	Atopic eczema	6–19	63	Oral (500 mg capsule)	Seed oil (40 mg/kg) three times a day	8 weeks	Invention group = 25/41, control = 9/22	Nr	[11]
Rezaei et al./2005	Double-blinded RCT	Wart	12–18	291	Topical (ointment)	30 g crude extract twice daily	6 weeks	Invention group = 42/43, control = 10/20	Nr	[12]
Nawab et al./2008	Before and after	Eczema	10–70	30	Topical (lotion)	25 mg oil 4 times a day	6 weeks	Nr	Eczema severity (itching) = 30/9 (papules) 19/4	[13]
Al-Harchon/2010	Single-blind RCT	Acne vulgaris	13–23	93	Topical (lotion)	10% oil twice daily	8 weeks	Invention group = 25/47, control = 3/38	Nr	[14]
Nilforoushzadeh et al./2010	Double-blinded RCT	Acute cutaneous leshmaniasis	20/81 ± 12/26	150	Topical (lotion)	60% oil twice daily	12 weeks	Invention group = 61/75, control = 48/75	Nr	[15]
Yousefi et al./2013	Double-blinded RCT	Eczema	18–60	60	Topical (lotion)	1 g seed oil twice daily	4 weeks	Nr	Nr	[16]
Bashar et al./2014	Double-blind, RCT	Arsenical keratosis	20–36	36	Oral (500 mg)	Seed oil	8 weeks	Nr	Palmar arsenical keratosis: 99.3 ± 21.5 and 62.3 ± 14.3	[17]
Ahmed Jawad et al./2014	RCT	Psoriasis	50–70	60	Topical (ointment), oral	Crude extract (10% (w/w) and 500 mg capsule) three times daily	12 weeks	Nr	PASI (psoriasis area and severity index) score in group 1: 9.0 ± 3.7/4.3 ± 2.0, group 2: 9.9 ± 3.4/5.4 ± 2.7, Group 3: 10.9 ± 2.7/4.2 ± 1.7	[18]
Ghorbanibirgani et al./2014	Double blind, RCT	Vitiligo	43.65 ± 3.21	52	Topical (lotion)	100 g seed oil	24 weeks	Nr	Vitiligo area scoring index in control group: 4.98 ± 4.81/4.62 ± 4.36, in invention 4.98 ± 4.81/3.75 ± 3.91	[19]
Rafati et al./2014	RCT	Infant skin infections	6–11 days	60	Topical (lotion)	33% oil three times a day	4 days	Nr	Nr	[20]
Rafati et al./2019	Double-blinded, RCT	Acute radiation dermatitis	≥18 years	62	Topical (gel lotion)	50 g gel lotion 5% twice a day	6 weeks	Nr	Nr	[21]
Sarac et al./2019	Clinical trials with a pre- and a post-treatment	Vitiligo	20–85	33	Topical (cream)	Oil/twice a day	24 weeks	Invention group = 23/33	Nr	[22]
Soleymani et al./2020	Double-blind RCT	Acne	14–35	60	Topical (gel lotion)	1% oil/twice a day	8 weeks	Nr	Comedone number invention = 8.07 ± 6.142/1.11 ± 1.812, in control + 8.87 ± 5.526/8.44 ± 5.437, papule number invention: 11.47 ± 6.426/1.89 ± 1.729, in control = 8.43 ± 4.116/7.31 ± 4.306	[23]

Nr: not reported.