Table 5.
Racial and Sexual Orientation Differences in Body Image Outcomes.
| Appearance Evaluation | Overweight Preoccupation | Body Image Quality of Life | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Race | ||||||
| White M (SD) | 3.24 (0.92) | 3.09 (0.99) | 2.32 (0.95) | 2.80 (1.02) | 4.60 (1.15) | 4.38 (1.22) |
| Hispanic M (SD) | 3.34 (0.89) | 3.35 (0.98) | 2.40 (0.98) | 2.92 (1.01) | 4.89 (1.13) | 4.59 (1.21) |
| Black M (SD) | 3.69 (0.88) | 3.46 (1.04) | 2.24 (0.91) | 2.61 (1.04) | 5.09 (1.18) | 4.73 (1.35) |
| Asian M (SD) | 3.30 (0.85) | 3.27 (0.92) | 2.25 (0.92) | 2.60 (1.05) | 4.75 (1.06) | 4.60 (1.24) |
| Racial Comparisons White vs. Hispanic d | −0.11 | −0.26 * ** | −0.08 | −0.12 | −0.25 * ** | −0.17 * |
| White vs. Black d | −0.49 * ** | −0.37 * ** | 0.08 | 0.19 * ** | −0.43 * ** | −0.28 * ** |
| White vs. Asian d | −0.07 | −0.18 * * | 0.07 | 0.20 * ** | −0.13 * | −0.18 * * |
| Hispanic vs. Black d | −0.40 * ** | −0.11 | 0.17 * | 0.30 * ** | −0.17 * | −0.11 |
| Hispanic vs. Asian d | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.16 * | 0.31 * ** | 0.13 | −0.01 |
| Black vs. Asian d | 0.45 * ** | 0.19 * * | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.30 * ** | 0.10 |
| Sexual Orientation | ||||||
| Heterosexual M (SD) | 3.30 (0.91) | 3.15 (0.99) | 2.30 (0.94) | 2.78 (1.02) | 4.69 (1.14) | 4.48 (1.24) |
| Gay/Lesbian M (SD) | 3.09 (0.99) | 3.08 (1.00) | 2.66 (0.99) | 2.60 (1.03) | 4.22 (1.19) | 4.27 (1.10) |
| Bisexual M (SD) | 3.00 (0.95) | 3.06 (1.00) | 2.45 (0.99) | 2.84 (1.04) | 4.27 (1.15) | 4.11 (1.20) |
| Sexual Orientation Comparisons Heterosexual vs. Gay/Lesbian d | 0.23 * * | 0.07 | −0.38 * ** | 0.18 * | 0.41 * ** | 0.17 * |
| Heterosexual vs. Bisexual d | 0.33 * ** | 0.09 * | −0.16 * | −0.06 | 0.37 * ** | 0.30 * ** |
| Gay/Lesbian vs. Bisexual d | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.21 * | −0.23 * * | −0.04 | 0.14 |
Note.
* **
p < .001,
* *
p < .01,
*
p < .05.
Means and standard deviations for each group are presented. Effect size d and statistical significance for differences between each group are shown. A positive effect size indicates that the first group listed scored higher than the second group (e.g., Black men reported higher appearance evaluation than White men, d =0.45). A negative effect size indicates the first group listed scored lower than the second group listed (White men reported lower overall appearance evaluation than Black men, d = −0.49).