Fig. 1. Molecular structure of the skin and conceptual design mechanism of CLiPS.

a Schematics of the self-healing properties and biological mechanoreceptor of the human skin. The human skin achieves strong autonomous self-healing upon damage owing to the activities of blood cells and platelets. It also perceives external stimuli via the generation of an action potential resulting from ion dynamics. b CLiPS-based device architecture illustrating autonomous self-healing and tractive self-healing of electrodes, as well as the molecular structure emulating the ion dynamics of the human skin based on the trap and release mechanism. c Chemical structure representation of the design rule of CLiPS.