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. 2022 Dec 13;13:7699. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35434-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Autonomous self-healing of a scar within 60 min at room temperature (RH 20–40%) observed via an optical microscope. The experiments (top; scar bar 100 µm and cross-section view; scar bar 200 µm) were conducted independently and produced similar results. b Two cut and spliced individual CLiPS films healed together to withstand stretching. c Demonstration of the tractive self-healing of the electrode’s conductivity using an LED. d Comparison of the self-healing speeds as a function of Cl groups concentration. E3 and E7 have the lowest and highest Cl groups content, respectively. CLPU-IL and CLPU-pristine denote CLPU films with 30 wt% IL and without IL concentration, respectively. All self-healing tests were carried out at room temperature (RH 20–40%) without external stimuli. e Stress–strain curves of the original and self-healed films at various healing times. f Comparison of self-healing speeds between CLiPS and other room-temperature self-healing dielectric elastomers (blue color) and ionic-based materials (red color).