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. 2022 Dec 8;17:6157–6180. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S384592

Table 6.

Mechanisms of SWCNTs-Mediated Oncogenesis

S. No Type of CNTs and Dimensions Animal Model or Cell Line Dose and Route of Administration Effects or Outcomes Ref.
1. SWCNTs, 0.1 to 1 µm length and width of 0.8–1.2 nm BEAS-2B cells (in vitro), NOD/SCID gamma mice (in vivo) 0.02 μg/cm2 or 0.1 μg/mL (in vitro), 0.5 mg/kg - intravenous

  1. Increased expressions of SOX9, CD133, Nanog, SOX2 and Oct4 (in vitro)

  2. Elevated expressions of SOX9 regulating cancer stem-like cells by ALDH1A1 (in vivo)

 [85]
2. SWCNTs, 0.1 to 1 µm length and width of 0.8–1.2 nm BEAS-2B cells (in vitro), NOD/SCID gamma mice (in vivo) 0.02 μg/cm2 (in vitro), 1×106 CNTs-treated BEAS-2B cells, subcutaneous (in vivo)

  1. Downregulated expressions of ZO-1, E-cad, Claudin-1 and upregulated expressions of N-cad (in vitro)

  2. Oncogenesis and metastasis (in vivo)

 [86]
3. SWCNTs, 0.1 to 1 µm length and width of 0.8–1.2 nm SAECs and BEAS-2B (in vitro), NOD/SCID gamma mice (in vivo) 0.02 μg/cm2 (in vitro), 0.5 mg/kg (in vivo)

  1. Changed to highly invasive phenotypes in vitro

  2. Formation of tumors, upregulated Nanog, SOX2, SOX17 expressions and downregulated E-cad expressions (in vivo)

 [87]
4. SWCNTs, diameters of 2 nm and lengths 5 to 30 μm BEAS-2B cells (in vitro), BALB/c immunodeficient nude mice (in vivo) 10 μg/mL in vitro

  1. CNTs-exposed cells possessed improved migratory, invasive and colony-forming abilities. Increased intracellular ROS levels with a significant loss in MMP and enhanced apoptosis were observed after treatment in vitro.

  2. Formation of tumors with elevated expressions of Ki67, TTF-1, DNA methylases and occurrence of differentially methylated genes in vivo.

 [88]