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. 2022 Dec 12;13:7677. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35469-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a qRT-PCR of PD-L1 expression in Hep3B cells or Huh7 cells with or without IFN-γ treatment. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent biological replicates). b, c Western blotting of PD-L1 expression in Hep3B cells or Huh7 cells with or without IFN-γ treatment. Representative of n = 3 independent biological replicates. d, e Flow cytometry analysis of PD-L1 expression in Hep3B cells (d) or Huh7 cells (e) with or without IFN-γ treatment. n = 3 independent biological replicates. f 3D-co-culture model using pre-activated T cells and Hep3B or Huh7 cells. g Flow cytometry analysis of CD8⁺GZMB⁺ cell content in pre-activated T cells following 72 h of co-culture with Hep3B or Huh7 cells. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent biological replicates). h Flow cytometry analysis of CD8⁺TNFα⁺ cell content in pre-activated T cells following 72 hours of co-culture with Hep3B or Huh7 cells. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent biological replicates). i Time-lapse microscopic images revealing the binding of Hep3B or Huh7 cells with PD1 at 12 h. Scale bars, 100 µm. j Analysis of PD1/Fc protein binding on Hep3B and Huh7 cells at 2 h. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent biological replicates). k Immunohistochemical staining of BLIMP1 protein in HCC samples (Cohort 1). Scale bars, 100 µm. l Correlation analysis of tumoral BLIMP1 protein expression and tumor-infiltrating T cell content. Pearson analysis revealed a negative correlation between tumoral BLIMP1 protein expression and CD8⁺ T cells and the activity (GZMB⁺) of infiltrated CD8⁺ T cells in infiltrating CD45⁺ cells and a positive correlation between tumor BLIMP1 protein expression and the percentages of PD1⁺ cells in CD8⁺ TILs. n = 40 patients. P value was determined by unpaired two-sided Student’s t test (a, c, g, h, j) and Pearson correlation analysis (l). Source data are provided as a Source data file.