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. 2022 May 4;15(4):1134–1150. doi: 10.1007/s40617-022-00702-y

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Nested Model of Racism Organized from within the Framework of Critical Race Theory. Note. (S) represents a traditional sociological top–down model of theory development; (B) represents a traditional bottom–up model of theory development; (R) represents a reticulated approach to theory development that accounts for the interaction of all levels in the nested model