Table 2.
Risk and odds-based estimates of respiratory illnesses and conditions in Kenya camels.
| Variable | Respiratory condition present | Respiratory condition absent | Sub-population level risk (%) | Population-level risk*(%) | CMLE Odds ratio** | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 65 | 6 | 91.6 | 91.7 | 0.90 (0.03; 6.89) | 1.00 |
| Female | 12 | 1 | 92.3 | 1.00 | NA | ||
| County | Isiolo | 40 | 4 | 90.9 | 91.7 | 0.81 (0.14; 4.18) | 0.81 |
| Garissa | 37 | 3 | 92.5 | 1.00 | NA | ||
| Herd size | Small | 7 | 0 | NA | 90.9 | – | – |
| Medium | 22 | 4 | 84.6 | 0.35 (0.06; 1.82 | 0.21 | ||
| Large | 48 | 3 | 94.1 | 1.00 | NA | ||
| Education | No formal education/incomplete primary | 67 | 5 | 93.1 | 91.7 | 2.64 (0.32; 15.46) | 0.32 |
| Complete primary up to tertiary | 10 | 2 | 83.3 | 1.00 | NA | ||
| Responsibility to camel | Owner | 46 | 5 | 90.2 | 90.9 | 0.66 (0.02; 5.29) | 0.78 |
| Herder | 14 | 1 | 93.3 | 1.00 | NA | ||
| Owner–herder | 17 | 1 | 94.4 | 91.3 | 0.55 (0.02; 4.30) | 0.65 | |
*
Risk-based estimates.
**
Odds-based estimates.
CMLE, Conditional maximum likelihood estimate of Odds Ratio.
Based on the feedback from the respondents, the outcomes of respiratory conditions or diseases in the camel herds may lead to recovery (14.3%), death (41.5%), or uncertain situation of death or recovery (44.2%). NA, Not applicable.