TABLE 3.

Sexual hormones level of the patients before and after 8 weeks intervention.

Variable		Group A: Flour capsule -placebo (n = 22)	Group B: Ginger (n = 21)	Group C: Cinnamon (n = 20)	Group D: Metformin (n = 20)	P-value**
FSH (mIu/ml)	Before	8.15 ± 8.57	5.53 ± 1.56	8.3 ± 3.73	8.61 ± 8.54	0.02
	After	10.02 ± 13.09	4.29 ± 1.56 a	8.09 ± 6.93	12.46 ± 21.03 c
	p-value*	0.19	0.006	0.37	0.10
LH (mIu/ml)	Before	13.91 ± 15.5	19.47 ± 20.44	12.72 ± 6.56	11.02 ± 6.03	0.02
	After	9.1 ± 9.36	6.66 ± 2.5	10.88 ± 4.87 b	14.67 ± 16.12 b,c
	p-value*	0.17	0.001	0.26	0.82
Testosterone (ng/dl)	Before	65.07 ± 26.61	61.15 ± 20.46	65.8 ± 29.63	62.6 ± 32	0.01
	After	61.05 ± 24.36	62.1 ± 26.03 c,d	50.05 ± 24.86 a	49.5 ± 27.54
	p-value*	0.39	0.82	< 0.001	0.001
DHEA (ng/ml)	Before	1845.6 ± 1197.92	1682.6 ± 897.11	2079 ± 1209.21	2842.8 ± 2846.67	0.37
	After	1890.6 ± 1332.34	1719.7 ± 814.62	1862.5 ± 1020.94	2491.4 ± 1922.58
	p-value*	0.85	0.65	0.11	0.20
SHBG (nmol/L)	Before	51.9 ± 26.02	63.27 ± 29.85	45.85 ± 27.47	41 ± 15.54	0.16
	After	47.9 ± 22.49	55.55 ± 21.01	52.22 ± 33.69	46.36 ± 28.41
	p-value*	0.55	0.03	0.16	0.97
FAI	Before	1.68 ± 1.41	1.24 ± 0.87	2.28 ± 2.15	1.92 ± 1.42	0.22
	After	1.71 ± 1.45	1.26 ± 0.96	1.88 ± 2.3	1.42 ± 1.14
	p-value*	0.79	0.47	0.03	0.31

Values for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation.

*Within group comparison.

**Before-Baseline parameters are compared using one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 is considered significant (P-value numbers marked in bold indicate numbers that are significant).

^aSignificant difference compare to group A (p < 0.05).

^bSignificant difference compare to group B (p < 0.05).

^cSignificant difference compare to group C (p < 0.05).

^dSignificant difference compare to group D (p < 0.05).

FSH, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone; LH, Luteinizing Hormone; DHEA, Dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin; FAI, Free Androgen Index.