Table 1.
Summary of effect of PBZ on different parameters under the drought stress in various crops species.
| Effect of PBZ on RWC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S.No. | Crop | Effective dose | Key findings | References |
| 1. | Triticum aestivum | 30 mg/l | RWC was increased by 5% in control and 11% in drought plants treated with PBZ | Dwivedi et al., 2017 |
| 2. | Oryza sativa | 90 mg/l | 15% increase in RWC under drought compared to control | Garg et al., 2019 |
| 3. | Curcuma alismatifolia | 1500 mg/l | RWC increased by 5% under drought | Jungklang et al., 2017 |
| 4. | Abelmoschus esculentus | 80 mg/l | RWC increased by 60.1% under drought | Iqbal et al., 2020 |
| Effect of PBZ on MSI | ||||
| Oryza sativa | 90 mg/l | 15% increase in mean MSI under drought | Garg et al., 2019 | |
| Triticum aestivum | 30 mg/l | 4-5% increase in mean MSI under drought | Dwivedi et al., 2017 | |
| Effect of PBZ on plant growth | ||||
| Curcuma alismatifolia | 1500 mg/l | The plant height was 1.2 times lower under drought | Jungklang and Saengnil, 2012 | |
| Curcuma alismatifolia | 3.75 g/l | Shoot height was reduced by 48.93% under drought | Jungklang and Saengnil, 2012 | |
| Helianthus annuus and zinnia | 2.0 mg/pot | Shoot height was reduced by 26.3 and 42.1%, respectively | Ahmad et al., 2014 | |
| Syzygium myrtifolium | 3.75 g/l | Plant height was reduced by 19.93% | Roseli et al., 2012 | |
| Curcuma alismatifolia | 1500 mg/l | Plant height was reduced by 50% under drought | Jungklang et al., 2017 | |
| Odontonema strictum | 0.24 mg/pot | Plants were 11 cm taller under drought | Rezazadeh et al., 2016 | |
| Amorpha fruticosa | 150 mg/l | 61% increase in the plant height | Fan et al., 2020 | |
| Zea mays L | 300 mg/l | Increased root dry weight by 102.1% at the seventh leaf stage, 65.1% at the ninth leaf stage, 47.9% at the twelfth leaf stage | Kamran et al., 2018 | |
| Arachis hypogaea | 10 mg/l | Increased root length from 18.17 to 28.15 cm/plant, total leaf area from 96.38 to 117.31 cm2/plant, whole plant fresh weight from 33.72 to 39.16 gm/plant, whole plant dry weight from 3.49 to 4.12 g/plant | Sankar et al., 2014 | |
| Sesamum indicum | 5 mg/l | Abraham et al., 2008 | ||
| Ipomoea batatas | 34 µm | Increased vine fresh weight, root fresh weight, vine dry weight, and root dry weight by 40.10, 65.47, 66.91, and 67.86% respectively | Yooyongwech et al., 2017 | |
| Effect of PBZ on photosynthetic pigments | ||||
| Anacardium occidentale | 3 g a.i./tree | Increased Chlorophyll a (27.35%), Chlorophyll b (54.54%), total chlorophyll (30.98%) and Carotenoids (13.55%) under control conditions | Mog et al., 2019 | |
| Triticum aestivum | 30 mg/l | 25.7% increase in chlorophyll content under drought | Dwivedi et al., 2018 | |
| Zea mays L | 300 mg/l | Increased the chlorophyll content by 48.2%, 54.3%, 51.2% and 79.0%, at 0, 15, 30 and 45 DAS respectively. Carotenoid contents increased by 15.7%, 17.3%, 27.9% and 36.7% at 0, 15, 30 and 45 DAS respectively |
Kamran et al., 2020 | |
| Arachis hypogaea | 10 mg/l | Increased total chlorophyll, carotenoid, xanthophyll and anthocyanin content by 120.22%, 112.66%, 116.48%, 111.26%, 114.44% and 112.24% respectively | Sankar et al., 2013 | |
| Zea mays L | 2 mg/l | Increased chlorophyll content by 62% | ||
| Oryza sativa L. indica | 25 or 50 mg/l | Plants had greener leaves and delayed late senescence | Dewi, 2018 | |
| Odontonema strictum | 0.24 mg/pot | Net photosynthesis was 51% higher under drought | Rezazadeh et al., 2016 | |
| Zoysia japonica | 50 mg/l | Increased leaf chlorophyll content by 0.6 mg g-1 FW | Cohen et al., 2019 | |
| Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne | Increased the photosynthetic pigment content | Shahrokhi et al., 2011 | ||
| Vigna radiata | 150 mg/l | Increased SPAD value from 34 to 37.7 | Babarashi et al., 2021 | |
| Effect of PBZ on grain yield and dry matter partitioning | ||||
| Zea mays L | 50 mg/l | Increased the average weight of 1,000 seeds and yield | Bayat and Sepehri, 2012 | |
| Zea mays L | 300 mg/l | Kamran et al. (2018), average maize grain yields increased by 61.3% after seed soaking with 300 mg/l PBZ, while seed dressing with PBZ at 2.5 g kg-1 increased yield by 33.3% | Kamran et al., 2018 | |
| Triticum aestivum | Increased grain yield per plant by 6-7%, grain numbers per panicle by 24-33%, 1,000-grain mass by 3-6%, and harvest index by 2-4% | Dwivedi et al., 2017 | ||
| Vigna radiata | 150 mg/l | Increased seed yield from 622 to 1921 kg/ha | Babarashi et al., 2021 | |
| Odontonema strictum | 0.24 mg/plant | Promoted flowering and maintained the same numbers of flower (6 flowers/plant) | Rezazadeh et al., 2016 | |
| Solanum lycopersicum | 50 mg/l | Yield increased by 1.37 times more | Rezazadeh et al., 2016 | |
| Solanum lycopersicum | 30 mg/l | Pretreated tomato plants retained their fruit yield (3.89 kg/plant) and number of fruits (31 fruits/plant) when exposed to drought | Latimer, 1992 | |