Table 1.
Baseline characteristics based on quartiles of skeletal muscle mass index in males
| Characteristics | Overall | Quartiles (Q) of skeletal muscle mass index | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Subjects (n) | 621 | 155 | 155 | 155 | 156 | |
| Age (years) a | 45.4 (8.2) | 46.3 (8.6) | 46.5 (7.9) | 44.5 (7.3) | 44.2 (8.7) | 0.004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) a | 23.8 (2.1) | 24.9 (1.5) | 24.3 (1.8) | 23.6 (1.9) | 22.4 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) a | 31.0 (3.3) | 29.3 (2.7) | 30.9 (3.1) | 31.8 (3.6) | 31.8 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass index (%) a | 43.8 (2.6) | 40.4 (1.4) | 43.0 (0.5) | 44.7 (0.5) | 46.9 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) a | 15.7 (3.9) | 20.0 (2.7) | 16.8 (2.1) | 14.7 (2.2) | 11.4 (2.3) | <0.001 |
| Regular physical activity (%) | 15.3 | 12.0 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 28.4 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 11.8 | 13.5 | 16.8 | 9.7 | 7.1 | 0.042 |
| Insulin (uIU/mL) b | 5 (3–7) | 6 (4–8) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) b | 94 (89–101) | 93 (87–99) | 95 (89–101) | 94 (89–99) | 94 (90–98) | 0.721 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) b | 111 (81–156) | 132 (92–171) | 125 (83–167) | 106 (67–145) | 84 (61–107) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) b | 23.4 (15.4) | 25.4 (15.5) | 24.5 (14.7) | 24.0 (17.5) | 19.6 (13.2) | 0.001 |
| Subjects with nutrient information (n) | 462 | 111 | 118 | 121 | 112 | |
| Total calorie (kcal/day) a | 1468.0 (621.6) | 1533.8 (588.3) | 1351.1 (580.9) | 1382.3 (646.2) | 1618.6 (642.7) | 0.271 |
| Protein (g/day) a | 50.4 (25.0) | 53.9 (25.1) | 45.7 (21.8) | 47.2 (25.3) | 55.1 (27.7) | 0.621 |
| Fat (g/day) a | 29.2 (19.3) | 31.8 (19.7) | 25.3 (16.4) | 27.8 (18.7) | 32.3 (21.9) | 0.63 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) a | 246.5 (105.6) | 253.6 (99.3) | 230.7 (106.6) | 232.1 (102.5) | 271.9 (105.4) | 0.198 |
| Fibre (g/day) a | 3.6 (2.1) | 3.8 (2.1) | 3.4 (1.9) | 3.6 (2.2) | 3.8 (2.1) | 0.430 |
Note: One‐way ANOVA for continuous variables and χ 2 tests for categorical variables were used to compare the baseline characteristics of the participants, and the right‐skewed variables (insulin, glucose and triglycerides) were log transformed for one‐way ANOVA.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
a
Data are expressed as mean (SD).
b
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range).