Table 2.
Baseline characteristics based on quartiles of skeletal muscle mass index in females
| Characteristics | Overall | Quartiles (Q) of skeletal muscle mass index | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Subjects (n) | 431 | 107 | 108 | 108 | 108 | |
| Age (years) a | 44.1 (8.1) | 46.1 (9.2) | 44.9 (7.7) | 44.1 (7.1) | 41.4 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) a | 21.6 (2.4) | 23.6 (2.1) | 22.1 (2.0) | 21.3 (1.9) | 19.6 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) a | 21.0 (2.4) | 20.2 (2.2) | 20.7 (2.2) | 21.6 (2.6) | 21.7 (2.3) | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass index (%) a | 38.1 (3.0) | 34.3 (1.2) | 36.9 (0.5) | 39.1 (0.7) | 42.0 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) a | 16.4 (4.4) | 21.2 (3.2) | 17.7 (2.4) | 15.3 (2.3) | 11.5 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Regular physical activity (%) | 15.6 | 15.5 | 11.3 | 16.2 | 19.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 5.3 | 12.1 | 0 | 5.6 | 3.7 | 0.001 |
| Insulin (uIU/mL) b | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) b | 90 (86–94) | 92 (87–97) | 90 (87–93) | 88 (83–93) | 88 (84–92) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) b | 80 (60–110) | 97 (71–123) | 85 (54–115) | 76.0 (52–99) | 66 (49–83) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) b | 15.1 (9.6) | 16.7 (11.1) | 15.1 (7.3) | 15.5 (11.9) | 13.3 (6.7) | 0.019 |
| Subjects with nutrient information (n) | 316 | 79 | 76 | 81 | 80 | |
| Total calorie (kcal/day) a | 1301.8 (585.2) | 1373.1 (626.2) | 1289.7 (589.8) | 1309.8 (537.9) | 1232.7 (587.3) | 0.158 |
| Protein (g/day) a | 44.6 (22.1) | 46.8 (23.7) | 45.5 (23.1) | 44.6 (21.8) | 41.6 (19.6) | 0.131 |
| Fat (g/day) a | 26.1 (17.1) | 16.9 (18.2) | 26.2 (17.9) | 25.9 (17.3) | 25.4 (15.2) | 0.609 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) a | 219.9 (103.1) | 233.6 (112.9) | 216.0 (101.9) | 222.2 (91.2) | 207.2 (105.6) | 0.137 |
| Fibre (g/day) a | 3.9 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.7) | 4.0 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.4) | 3.4 (2.3) | 0.052 |
Note: One‐way ANOVA for continuous variables and χ 2 tests for categorical variables were used to compare the baseline characteristics of the participants, and the right‐skewed variables (insulin, glucose and triglycerides) were log transformed for one‐way ANOVA.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
a
Data are expressed as mean (SD).
b
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range).