Table 2.

Check list for study quality from Joanna Briggs Institute for cross‐sectional studies; scoring yes = +, no = −, unclear =?, not applicable = N/A

Author	Were the criteria for inclusion in the study clearly defined?	Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?	Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Were objective; standard criteria used for measurement of the condition	Were confounding factors identified?	Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated	Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Overall appraisal
Chen et al. (2019) 30	+	?	+	+	+	−	+	+	Include
Chen et al. (2017) 31	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	+	Include
He et al. (2020) 32	+	+	+	+	+	−	+	+	Include
He et al. (2020) 33	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Hinkley et al. (2020) 34	+	?	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Hofmann et al. (2015) 35	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Khanal et al. (2021) 36	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Kim et al. (2016) 37	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	+	Include
Lim et al. (2019) 38	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Lustosa et al. (2017) 39	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	−	Include
Ma et al. (2021) 40	+	+	+	+	−	−	?	+	Include
Mafi et al. (2018) 41	−	−	+	+	−	−	+	−	Exclude
Nabuco et al. (2019) 42	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	+	Include
Negaresh et al. (2019) 43	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	−	Include
Pietrangelo et al. (2009) 44	?	+	+	+	−	−	+	−	Exclude
Ratkevicius et al. (2011) 45	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	+	Include
Rossi et al. (2020) 46	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Sanada et al. (2010) 47	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	−	Include
Sanada et al. (2012) 48	+	+	?	?	+	+	+	−	Include
Seo et al. (2020) 49	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	+	Include
Tay et al. (2018) 50	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	Include
Vezzoli et al. (2019) 51	+	+	+	+	−	−	+	+	Include