Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population in wave 3
| Variables | Total | Non‐ sarcopenia | Possible sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, M ± SD) | 67.3 ± 6.0 | 66.0 ± 5.1 | 68.7 ± 6.3 | 72.5 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 56.2 | 58.4 | 50.9 | 58.9 | <0.001 |
| Female | 43.8 | 41.6 | 49.1 | 41.1 | |
| Residential area | |||||
| Urban | 41.6 | 44.6 | 40.6 | 23.5 | <0.001 |
| Rural | 58.4 | 55.4 | 59.4 | 76.5 | |
| Education | |||||
| Illiterate | 44.5 | 40.4 | 49.9 | 55.4 | <0.001 |
| Primary school | 30.2 | 31.0 | 28.5 | 30.0 | |
| Middle school | 16.9 | 18.5 | 15.6 | 9.7 | |
| High school/vocational high school | 6.7 | 8.2 | 4.5 | 3.9 | |
| Junior college or above | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | |
| Average household income (CNY) | |||||
| <1000 | 24.1 | 22.7 | 24.4 | 33.5 | <0.001 |
| 1000 | 28.8 | 26.1 | 32.8 | 34.8 | |
| 5000 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 11.1 | |
| 10 000 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 13.3 | 12.7 | |
| 20 000 | 20.1 | 22.8 | 17.8 | 7.9 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 80.2 | 84.0 | 75.5 | 69.3 | <0.001 |
| separated | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 1.7 | |
| Unmarried/divorced/widowed | 16.9 | 13.0 | 21.6 | 29.0 | |
| Ever/current smoke | |||||
| No | 48.3 | 48.0 | 51.0 | 40.1 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 51.7 | 52.0 | 49.0 | 59.9 | |
| Ever/current alcohol | |||||
| No | 49.1 | 46.8 | 53.7 | 49.8 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 50.9 | 53.2 | 46.3 | 50.2 | |
| Daily sleep time (h) | |||||
| <6 | 24.6 | 22.0 | 29.1 | 28.8 | <0.001 |
| 6 | 16.2 | 17.3 | 14.6 | 13.7 | |
| 7 | 17.2 | 18.5 | 15.1 | 15.2 | |
| 8 | 18.4 | 19.0 | 16.5 | 21.1 | |
| 9 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 24.6 | 21.1 | |
| Co‐morbidities | |||||
| Cancer | 1.68 | 1.42 | 2.04 | 2.38 | 0.134 |
| Chronic lung disease | 17.5 | 14.9 | 19.9 | 28.0 | <0.001 |
| Heart disease | 22.6 | 20.5 | 27.7 | 20.8 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 4.5 | 3.0 | 7.7 | 4.3 | <0.001 |
| Emotional and mental disorders | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 46.6 | 43.2 | 53.5 | 46.9 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 21.8 | 20.4 | 27.9 | 11.6 | <0.001 |
| Hepatic disease | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 0.892 |
| Kidney disease | 11.5 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 0.023 |
| Digestive system disease | 31.7 | 30.6 | 31.4 | 41.0 | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 8.0 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Memory‐related disease | 3.5 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 40.1 | 36.9 | 50.9 | 30.3 | <0.001 |
| Hyperglycaemia | 12.0 | 10.8 | 16.4 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| CESD score, M ± SD | 8.0 ± 6.2 | 7.14 ± 5.8 | 9.2 ± 6.7 | 9.6 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2, M ± SD) | 23.5 ± 3.7 | 23.6 ± 3.5 | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 18.7 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CNY, Chinese Yuan; M ± SD, mean ± standard deviation.