Table 6.

Sicilian Gambit

Drugs	Ion channels						Receptor				Pumps	Clinical effects			ECG
	Na+			Ca2+	K+	If	α	β	M2	A1	Na+ ‐ K+ ATPase	LV function	Sinus rhythm	Extra‐heart	PR	QRS	JT
	Fast	Med	Slow
lidocaine	〇											→	→	●			↓
mexiletine	〇											→	→	●			↓
procainamide		●A			●							↓	→	●	↑	↑	↑
disopyramide			●A		●				〇			↓	→	●	↑↓	↑	↑
quinidine		●A			●		〇		〇			→	↑	●	↑↓	↑	↑
propafenone		●A						●				↓	↓	〇	↑	↑
aprindine		●I		〇	〇	〇						→	→	●	↑	↑	→
cibenzoline			●A	〇	●				〇			↓	→	〇	↑	↑	→
pirmenol			●A		●				〇			↓	↑	〇	↑	↑	↑→
flecainide			●A		〇							↓	→	〇	↑	↑
pilsicainide			●A									↓→	→	〇	↑	↑
bepridil	〇			●	●							?	↓	〇			↑
verapamil	〇			●			●					↓	↓	〇	↑
diltiazem				●								↓	↓	〇	↑
sotalol					●			●				↓	↓	〇	↑		↑
amiodarone	〇			〇	●		●	●				→	↓	●	↑		↑
nifekalant					●							→	→	〇			↑
nadolol								●				↓	↓	〇	↑
propranolol	〇							●				↓	↓	〇	↑
atropine									●			→	↑	●	↓
ATP										■		?	↓	〇	↑
digoxin									■		●	↑	↓	●	↑		↓

Relative magnitude of blockade: 〇 low, ● intermediate, ● high. Direction of clinical effects and ECG changes: ↑ increase, ↓ decrease, → no change. A, activated channel blocker; I, inactivated channel blocker. ■ blockade.

Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ECG, electrocardiogram; LV, left ventricular. (Lifemedicom 2000. ¹⁸ )