Table 3 |.
Adjusted odds ratios for hypertension: NHANES 2007–2010
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 18–39 | — | — | — | — |
| 40–59 | 4.43 (3.51–5.61) | 4.78 (3.81–6.00) | 4.66 (3.70–5.86) | 4.63 (3.69–5.82) |
| 60–79 | 14.6 (11.6–18.4) | 16.7 (13.3–21.0) | 16.0 (12.7–20.1) | 16.0 (12.7–20.1) |
| 80 or more | 33.7 (24.2–46.9) | 42.6 (30.5–59.6) | 40.2 (28.8–56.1) | 40.1 (28.7–56.1) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | — | — | — | — |
| Female | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) | 0.82 (0.73–0.93) | 0.82 (0.73–0.93) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 0.69 (0.60–0.80) | 0.65 (0.56–0.76) | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) | 0.67 (0.58–0.78) |
| Non-Hispanic White | — | — | — | — |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.90 (1.55–2.34) | 1.76 (1.44–2.14) | 1.80 (1.47–2.21) | 1.82 (1.49–2.23) |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | — | — | — | — |
| High school | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) |
| More than high school | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.83 (0.70–0.99) | 0.83 (0.69–0.98) | 0.83 (0.69–0.98) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 2.67 (2.17–3.29) | 2.53 (2.06–3.12) | 2.49 (2.03–3.05) | 2.47 (2.01–3.04) |
| No | — | — | — | — |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Yes | 1.83 (1.42–2.34) | 1.84 (1.44–2.36) | 1.81 (1.41–2.31) | 1.82 (1.42–2.32) |
| No | — | — | — | — |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Never | — | — | — | — |
| Former | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) |
| current | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.92 (0.76–1.12) |
| Leisure–time physical activity | ||||
| None | 1.42 (1.16–1.74) | 1.41 (1.14–1.74) | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) |
| Less than 300 min/week | 1.29 (1.04–1.61) | 1.30 (1.06–1.61) | 1.29 (1.04–1.59) | 1.29 (1.04–1.59) |
| 300 or more min/week | — | — | — | — |
| Abdominal obesity a | ||||
| Yes | 2.32 (1.98–2.71) | 1.51 (1.27–1.81) | ||
| No | — | na | — | na |
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||
| Normal/underweight (<25.0) | na | — | — | na |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 1.55 (1.32–1.84) | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) | ||
| Obese (≥30.0) | 2.96 (2.43–3.60) | 2.05 (1.63–2.59) | ||
| Abdominal obesity, body mass index | ||||
| Yes, normal | 1.81 (1.28–2.57) | |||
| Yes, overweight | 1.87 (1.55–2.25) | |||
| Yes, obese | 3.23 (2.63–3.96) | |||
| No, normal | na | na | na | — |
| No, overweight | 1.38 (1.08–1.77) | |||
| No, obese | 1.17 (0.62–2.20) | |||
Adjusted model includes age group, gender, race/ethnicity, education, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cigarette smoking, and leisure–time physical activity.
a
Abdominal obesity is defined as a waist circumference of 102 or more centimeters for males and 88 or more centimeters for females.
CI, confidence interval; NHANES, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; —, denotes reference group; na, not included in model.