TABLE 3.

Effect of mFW on EFC scores in the different cohorts

Cohort	Model M1			Model M1 + VRF
	Beta	SE	p‐value	Beta	SE	p‐value
Cross‐sectional MarkVCID cohorts
Cohort 1	−7.417	1.279	<0.001	−7.325	1.315	<0.001
Cohort 2	−8.927	1.807	<0.001	−8.585	1.891	<0.001
Cohort 3	−4.027	1.789	0.026	−3.425	1.864	0.068
Cross‐sectional legacy cohorts
UCSF	−9.87	1.76	<0.0001	−10.63	2.55	<0.0001
UCD ADRC	−6.18	0.603	<0.0001	−6.16	0.605	<0.0001
RUSH	−1.905	0.69	0.00597	−2.07	0.66	0.0018
ARIC	−1.24	0.304	<0.0001	−1.08	0.32	0.0007
FHS (Offspring and Gen3 combined)	−4.06	0.51	<0.0001	−3.80	0.51	<0.0001
Offspring	−5.17	0.74	<0.0001	−5.03	0.75	<0.0001
Gen3	−1.62	0.77	0.036	−1.09	0.79	0.16

Note: Model M1 included baseline EFC as the dependent variable and mFW as the independent variable, adjusting for age, sex, and education. Results for FHS sub‐cohorts (Offspring and Gen3) are reported with italic font. RUSH used log₁₀‐transformed FW measures to normalize distribution.

Abbreviations: EFC, executive function composite score; mFW, mean free water; SE, standard error; VRF, vascular risk factors including diabetes, smoking, and hypertension status. Beta: regression coefficient.