TABLE 4.

Effect of baseline mFW and WMH burden on baseline and change in EFC scores

	mFW			WMH burden
	Beta	SE	p‐value	Beta	SE	p‐value
Model M1 + VRF + WMH
Cohort 1	−7.38	1.46	<0.001	0.007	0.076	0.93
Cohort 2	−10.737	2.234	<0.001	0.176	0.094	0.062
Cohort 3	−3.75	2.091	0.075	0.029	0.083	0.73
Model M2 + VRF + WMH
Longitudinal MarkVCID cohort	−2.80	1.07	0.0096	0.49	0.41	0.23

Note: Model M1 and M2 included baseline executive function composite score (EFC) and annual change in EFC as the dependent variable, respectively, and mFW as the independent variable, adjusting for age, sex, and education.

Abbreviations: mFW, mean free water; VRF, vascular risk factors including presence of diabetes, smoking, and hypertension; WMH burden corresponds to log‐transformed WMH volume normalized by total cranial volume and scaled; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.