Fig. 4. Population size of CD28⁻CD57⁺ senescent T cells from normoglycemic subjects and patients with GDM. (A, B) Representative flow cytometry plots are presented for CD57 and CD28 expression by CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells in patients with GDM (n = 6) and normal controls (n = 8). Statistical analysis of the population of CD28⁻ and CD57⁺ T cells in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the two groups. (C, D) CD279 (PD-1) expression of placental CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell subsets from patients with GDM and normal controls. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Flow cytometry plots are representative of all independent experiments.

GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, PD-1 = programmed cell death-1.

^*P < 0.05 compared with the corresponding controls.