. 2022 Dec 13;22:785. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04453-6

Table 1.

Demographic variables and differences in learning burnout (N = 583)

	N (%)	Emotional exhaustion (Mean ± SD)	F/t^c	p	Cynicism (Mean ± SD)	F/t^c	p	Low professional efficacy (Mean ± SD)	F/t^c	p
Demographic variables
Gender			0.70	0.482		2.96	0.003*		-1.38	0.167
Male	260 (44.6)	13.01 ± 6.51			9.73 ± 5.08			13.93 ± 7.27
Female	323 (55.4)	12.63 ± 6.56			8.48 ± 5.10			14.76 ± 7.20
Place of residence			0.22	0.824		-1.72	0.086		-2.28	0.023*
City	345 (59.2)	12.85 ± 6.81			8.73 ± 5.21			13.84 ± 7.53
Village	238 (40.8)	12.73 ± 6.13			9.47 ± 4.97			15.20 ± 6.72
Only-child			1.51	0.132		0.80	0.423		-1.51	0.129
Yes	325 (55.7)	13.16 ± 6.82			9.19 ± 5.34			13.99 ± 7.48
No	258 (44.3)	12.34 ± 6.15			8.85 ± 4.84			14.90 ± 6.91
Father's education status			0.08	0.924		1.04	0.354		4.82	0.008*
Junior high or lower	226 (38.8)	12.75 ± 6.04			9.39 ± 4.99			15.54 ± 6.63^a
Senior high school	108 (18.5)	12.64 ± 6.18			9.03 ± 4.71			13.95 ± 6.41
Junior college or higher	249 (42.7)	12.92 ± 7.12			8.71 ± 5.40			13.54 ± 7.96^b
Mother's education status			0.71	0.492		0.91	0.403		4.45	0.016*
Junior high or lower	246 (42.2)	12.80 ± 6.01			9.36 ± 4.97			15.26 ± 6.62^a
Senior high school	114 (19.6)	12.20 ± 5.85			8.68 ± 4.46			14.57 ± 6.65
Junior college or higher	223 (38.3)	13.10 ± 7.38			8.86 ± 5.59			13.35 ± 8.03^b
Exercise			0.27	0.778		-0.13	0.898		1.96	0.055
No	536 (91.9)	12.82 ± 6.61			9.03 ± 5.12			14.53 ± 7.35
Yes	47 (8.1)	12.55 ± 5.77			9.13 ± 5.16			12.81 ± 5.63

^a,bCalculated by Dunnett T3 (unequal variances), mean scores for learning burnout with unequal superscripts differ significantly at the p < 0.05 level

^cIndependent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used