Table 1.
Participant characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | Overall (n = 4004) | General population (n = 2415) | College students (n = 1589) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age, year, mean (SD); median (range) | 29.1 (10.8); 25 (18–79) | 34.6 (10.7); 32 (18–79) | 20.7 (2.2); 21 (18–47) | < 0.001 |
| Sexual identity | ||||
| Male | 1231 (30.7) | 887 (36.7) | 344 (21.7) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 2619 (65.4) | 1457 (60.3) | 1162 (73.1) | |
| Others | 154 (3.9) | 71 (3.0) | 83 (5.2) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 3208 (80.1) | 1626 (67.3) | 1582 (99.6) | < 0.001 |
| Married/domestic partnership | 693 (17.3) | 687 (28.5) | 6 (0.4) | |
| Divorced/widowed/ separated | 103 (2.6) | 102 (4.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Irreligion | 375 (9.4) | 186 (7.7) | 189 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
| Buddhist | 3454 (86.3) | 2128 (88.1) | 1326 (83.4) | |
| Christian/Muslim/others | 175 (4.4) | 101 (4.2) | 74 (4.7) | |
| Living status | ||||
| With family | 3164 (79.0) | 1833 (75.9) | 1331 (83.7) | < 0.001 |
| With others | 264 (6.6) | 174 (7.2) | 90 (5.7) | |
| Alone | 576 (14.4) | 408 (16.9) | 168 (10.6) | |
| Household family member | ||||
| ≤ 4 | 3102 (77.5) | 1937 (80.2) | 1165 (73.3) | < 0.001 |
| > 4 | 902 (22.5) | 478 (19.8) | 424 (26.7) | |
| History of mental illness | ||||
| No | 3645 (91.0) | 2220 (91.9) | 1425 (89.7) | 0.017 |
| Yes | 359 (9.0) | 195 (8.1) | 164 (10.3) | |
| Quarantine status | ||||
| Never | 1781 (44.5) | 1381 (57.2) | 400 (25.2) | < 0.001 |
| Past | 1575 (39.3) | 765 (31.7) | 810 (51.0) | |
| Current | 648 (16.2) | 269 (11.1) | 379 (23.8) | |
| Willingness to quarantine | ||||
| Yes | 3241 (80.9) | 2007 (83.1) | 1234 (77.7) | < 0.001 |
| Not sure | 638 (15.9) | 352 (14.6) | 286 (18.0) | |
| No | 125 (3.1) | 56 (2.3) | 69 (4.3) | |
| Mental health and psychosocial score, mean (SD); median (range) | ||||
| Resilient coping—BRCS | 13.9 (3.1); 14 (4–20) | 13.9 (3.2); 14 (4–20) | 13.9 (2.8); 14 (4–20) | 0.952 |
| Depression—PHQ-9 | 8.1 (6.1) | 7.3 (5.9); 6 (0–27) | 9.3 (6.2); 8 (0–27) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety—GAD-7 | 4.7 (4.7); 4 (0–21) | 4.4 (4.6); 3 (0–21) | 5.3 (4.8); 4 (0–21) | < 0.001 |
| Perceived stress—PSS-10 | 17.4 (6.7); 17 (0–40) | 16.8 (6.6); 17 (0–40) | 18.3 (6.8); 18 (0–40) | < 0.001 |
| Well-being index—WHO-5 | 52.2 (21.6); 56 (0–100) | 53.7 (21.8); 56 (0–100) | 49.9 (21.1); 52 (0–100) | < 0.001 |
| Perceived social support—MSPSS-12 | 59.1 (13.7); 60 (12–84) | 58.8 (14.1); 60 (12–84) | 59.5 (13.1); 60 (12–84) | 0.101 |
Data are expressed as the number (percentage) of participants, unless otherwise indicated.
BRCS Brief Resilient Coping Scale—4-items, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder—7-items, MSPSS-12 Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support—12-items, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire—9-items, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale—10-items, SD standard deviation, WHO-5 World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index—5-items.