Table 3.
Weighted individual-level agreement on hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control between auscultation (AP) and oscillometric (OP) protocols, United States 2017–2018 adults aged 18 and over
| Hypertension |
Stage II hypertension |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observations | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Kappa (95% CI) | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | Kappa (95% CI) |
|
| ||||||
| Total | 86.3 | 88.8 | 0.75 (0.71–0.79) | 69.7 | 94.9 | 0.67 (0.61–0.72) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | 85.6 | 86.7 | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | 68.4 | 93.8 | 0.64 (0.57–0.70) |
| Women | 87.1 | 90.4 | 0.78 (0.73–0.82) | 71.0 | 95.9 | 0.70 (0.63–0.77) |
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–39 years | 70.2 | 90.6 | 0.60 (0.54–0.67) | 66.2 | 97.3 | 0.60 (0.49–0.70) |
| 40–59 years | 85.7 | 85.0 | 0.71 (0.64–0.77) | 67.8 | 94.2 | 0.64 (0.55–0.74) |
| 60 years and over | 93.1 | 89.6 | 0.80 (0.75–0.86) | 71.8 | 91.6 | 0.65 (0.57–0.73) |
| Race and Hispanic origin | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 86.8 | 88.7 | 0.76 (0.70–0.81) | 68.5 | 95.6 | 0.67 (0.58–0.76) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 90.5 | 86.9 | 0.77 (0.74–0.81) | 78.1 | 90.9 | 0.68 (0.64–0.72) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 82.9 | 89.6 | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 68.5 | 93.1 | 0.62 (0.50–0.73) |
| Hispanic | 81.0 | 90.3 | 0.72 (0.64–0.80) | 68.4 | 94.7 | 0.64 (0.57–0.71) |
| Family income-to-poverty ratio | ||||||
| Less than 1.3 | 83.3 | 90.4 | 0.74 (0.69–0.79) | 73.5 | 95.1 | 0.70 (0.65–0.75) |
| 1.3 to less than 3.5 | 86.1 | 89.2 | 0.75 (0.68–0.82) | 70.9 | 93.7 | 0.66 (0.58–0.73) |
| 3.5 or more | 87.5 | 87.4 | 0.75 (0.67–0.82) | 68.1 | 95.4 | 0.66 (0.56–0.75) |
| Level of education | ||||||
| High school or less | 87.3 | 87.9 | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 69.6 | 94.4 | 0.66 (0.58–0.74) |
| More than high school/some college | 85.6 | 89.1 | 0.75 (0.68–0.81) | 70.2 | 93.7 | 0.65 (0.56–0.75) |
| College graduate | 85.7 | 89.4 | 0.75 (0.67–0.83) | 69.2 | 96.6 | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) |
| Healthcare visits in the past year | ||||||
| 0–1 | 78.7 | 87.0 | 0.66 (0.58–0.73) | 75.1 | 95.3 | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) |
| 2–3 | 89.4 | 90.1 | 0.79 (0.75–0.84) | 68.0 | 95.0 | 0.66 (0.58–0.73) |
| 4 or more | 87.9 | 89.4 | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 66.7 | 94.1 | 0.64 (0.55–0.72) |
| Body mass index category | ||||||
| Underweight/normal | 81.6 | 93.7 | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) | 82.5 | 97.3 | 0.79 (0.70–0.89) |
| Overweight | 86.8 | 88.3 | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 67.2 | 94.9 | 0.65 (0.57–0.74) |
| Obesity | 88.4 | 83.9 | 0.72 (0.65–0.79) | 66.5 | 93.3 | 0.62 (0.54–0.69) |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 92.7 | 85.1 | 0.73 (0.63–0.84) | 79.9 | 90.6 | 0.70 (0.61–0.80) |
| No | 84.6 | 88.9 | 0.74 (0.69–0.78) | 67.0 | 95.3 | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) |
Notes: AP is the gold standard. Sensitivity (True Positive rate) = percent of predicted positive among actual positive. Specificity (True Negative rate) = percent of predicted negative among actual negative. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130, diastolic blood pressure ≥80, or current use of antihypertensive medication. Stage II hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Diabetes = defined as self-report or an HbA1c ≥6.5%.
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Source: 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.