Table 76.
Summary of Coxiella burnetii statistics regarding humans and the main animal species, EU, 2017–2021
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 (a) | 2018 (a) | 2017 (a) | Data source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humans | ||||||
| Total number of confirmed cases | 460 | 523 | 951 | 790 | 884 | ECDC |
| Total number of confirmed cases/100,000 population (notification rates) | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.18 | ECDC |
| Number of reporting EU MSs | 25 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 27 | ECDC |
| Infection acquired in the EU | 359 | 347 | 810 | 629 | 720 | ECDC |
| Infection acquired outside the EU | 3 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 9 | ECDC |
| Unknown travel status or unknown country of infection | 98 | 170 | 127 | 149 | 155 | ECDC |
| Animals | ||||||
| Sheep (b) | ||||||
| Animals | ||||||
| Serology (c) | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 750 | 911 | 666 | 2,986 | 867 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 10.3 | 11.4 | 9.9 | 14.4 | 6.0 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 7 | EFSA |
| Direct detection (d) | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 85 | 358 | 224 | 358 | 359 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 5.9 | 8.7 | 18.3 | 12.8 | 8.9 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 521 | 1,555 | 2,244 | 802 | 1,166 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | < 0.01 | 21.7 | 13.3 | 0.1 | 15.2 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | EFSA |
| Herds | ||||||
| Serology (c) | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 2,238 | 17 | 25 | 197 | 3,654 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 18.9 | 5.9 | 28.0 | 8.6 | 2.7 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | EFSA |
| Direct detection (d) | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 3,130 | 2,890 | 2,902 | 3,480 | 896 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 4.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 9.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 0 | 39 | 53 | 1 | 342 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 0 | 15.4 | 30.2 | < 0.01 | 20.2 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | EFSA |
| Goats | ||||||
| Animals | ||||||
| Serology (c) | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 540 | 651 | 656 | 947 | 464 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 24.6 | 25.0 | 18.0 | 20.6 | 3.7 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | EFSA |
| Direct detection (d) | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 200 | 248 | 189 | 217 | 148 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 16.5 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 12.4 | 9.5 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 777 | 831 | 845 | 1,076 | 1,241 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.0 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | EFSA |
| Herds | ||||||
| Serology (c) | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 4 | 141 | 30 | 212 | 216 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 50.0 | 78.7 | 73.3 | 25.5 | 25.9 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | EFSA |
| Direct detection (d) | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 1,283 | 1,175 | 1,167 | 1,318 | 1,251 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 0 | 12 | 207 | 11 | 0 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 0 | 0.0 | 84.1 | 36.4 | 0 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | EFSA |
| Cattle (bovine animals) | ||||||
| Animals | ||||||
| Serology (c) | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 3,405 | 4,664 | 8,722 | 14,795 | 8,760 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 12.2 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 12.4 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | EFSA |
| Direct detection (d) | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 458 | 842 | 739 | 4,703 | 4,963 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 5.2 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 6.0 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 458 | 842 | 739 | 4,703 | 4,963 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 343 | 3,860 | 4,240 | 3,963 | 2,549 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.66 | 2.8 | 0.43 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | EFSA |
| Herds | ||||||
| Serology (c) | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 1,201 | 312 | 551 | 2,283 | 246 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 15.1 | 14.4 | 30.7 | 10.2 | 21.1 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | EFSA |
| Direct detection (d) | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 4,311 | 3,571 | 3,673 | 1,262 | 1,244 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 4.8 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 14.4 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 0 | 0 | 43 | 132 | 395 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 0 | 0 | 95.3 | 3.8 | 3.8 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | EFSA |
ECDC: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; MSs: Member States.
: Data from the United Kingdom are taken into account for 2017–2019, because the United Kingdom was an EU MS, but it became a third country on 1 February 2020.
: ‘Sheep’ includes the ‘sheep and goats’ category (NB, some countries report both livestock types together).
: Serology includes the complement fixation test (CFT), ELISA, competitive ELISA (C‐ELISA), indirect ELISA (I‐ELISA), IgG ELISA and the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT).
: Direct detection methods include fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), microbiological tests, multiplex PCR, PCR, real‐time PCR, real‐time PCR (CEN TC 275/WG 6).