Table 3.
Effect of maize treatment with actinomycete (Ac3) bioactive sub-fraction F2.7 on the biomass, photosynthesis, the contents of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acids under normal and drought condition compared to non-treated control plants.
| Parameter | Control | Control+F2.7 | Drought | Drought +F2.7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomass and Photosynthesis | ||||
| FW (g/plant) | 5.08±0.09a | 4.13±0.97ab | 2.36±0.78c | 4.64±0.74d |
| DW (g/plant) | 0.81±0ab | 0.91±0.13a | 0.42±0.07d | 0.64±0.09c |
| Photosynthesis (umoles CO2 m-2 leaf area S-1) | 8.14±1.09a | 7.21±1.08a | 4.54±0.81c | 6.91±0.96b |
| Carbohydrates | ||||
| Glucose | 1.82±0.09c | 1.66±0.07ab | 2.88±0.6a | 3±1.1a |
| Fructose | 1.09±0.13a | 1.14±0.17a | 2.92±0.2a | 3.4±0.2a |
| Sucrose | 1.93±0.17a | 2.07±0.98a | 3.02±0.22a | 5.2±0.2b |
| Soluble sugars | 9.06±1.51b | 9.1±0.7a | 14.51±1.88a | 19.8±1.1a |
| Starch | 27.83±1.35c | 30.19±0.23b | 35.77±0.9ab | 39.3±2a |
| Total Carbohydrates | 62.07±3.05c | 70.81±4.17ab | 80.81±6.29a | 94±6.4a |
| Organic acids | ||||
| Oxalic | 3.92±0.93b | 4.34±0.26ab | 4.75±0.41b | 7.94±1.08a |
| Malic | 25.07±1.23b | 19.6±0.61b | 17.81±0.99ab | 42.72±1.36a |
| Succinic | 2.84±0.27b | 2.47±0.66b | 4.71±0.22ab | 6.35±0.46a |
| Citric | 5.21±0.16cd | 8.19±0.68c | 15.91±1.21b | 19.95±0.73a |
| Isobutyric | 5.37±1.42ab | 5.33±1b | 4.78±0.41b | 6.84±0.83a |
| Fumaric | 8.67±1.01c | 9.25±0.31c | 12.06±1.07b | 17.04±1.03a |
| Amino acids | ||||
| GlutamIic acid | 30.24±ab | 34.48±ab | 44.73±b | 47.98±a |
| Glutamine | 121.87±c | 132.11±c | 142.35±b | 162.6±a |
| Lysine | 7.56±b | 6.13±ab | 4±b | 4.26±a |
| Alph-keto glutaric acid | 0.05±b | 0.06±b | 0.09±ab | 0.11±a |
| Histidine | 1.15±a | 0.95±ab | 0.74±a | 1.54±a |
| Alanine | 34.75±ab | 50.13±b | 65.52±b | 80.9±a |
| Arginie | 1.4±ab | 1.71±ab | 2.03±ab | 2.83±a |
| Ornithine | 0.1±a | 0.1±a | 0.11±a | 0.87±a |
| Proline | 0.8±ab | 0.77±ab | 1.12±b | 1.29±a |
| Asparagine | 1.2±c | 1.61±b | 1.97±b | 2.27±a |
| Isoleucine | 0.23±a | 0.32±a | 0.31±a | 0.47±b |
| Leucine | 0.18±a | 0.23±a | 0.41±a | 0.39±b |
| Methionine | 0.59±a | 0.5±ab | 0.91±a | 1.33±b |
| Threonine | 0.226±a | 0.106±a | 0.67±a | 0.3±b |
| Valine | 1.5±a | 1.93±a | 1.81±a | 2.92±b |
| Serine | 0.28±a | 0.35±a | 0.43±a | 0.5±b |
| Phenylalanine | 0.73±a | 0.71±b | 0.5±ab | 0.38±a |
| Glycine | 1.01±a | 0.7±a | 0.4±a | 0.1±b |
| Aspartaat | 0.04±b | 0.04±c | 0.06±b | 0.08±a |
| Cystine | 0.19±a | 0.23±ab | 0.26±a | 0.3±a |
| Tyrosine | 1.01±ab | 0.78±b | 1.56±a | 2.33±a |
| Fatty acids | ||||
| Dodecanoic (C12:0) ) | 1647.2±147.03b | 2849.6±357.79a | 3051.9±168.2a | 4254.2±192.85c |
| Tetradecanoic (C14:0 | 716.7±47.93a | 821.1±6.6a | 925.4±91.63b | 1029.8±81.55b |
| Pentadecanoic (C15:0) | 136.8±5.73a | 164.2±10.96a | 191.6±7.22bc | 219±8.72d |
| Hexadecadienoic (C16:2) | 1303.6±185.01a | 1540.8±103.96b | 1778±176.79b | 2215.3±119.77c |
| Heptadecanoic (C17:0) | 2941.1±295.31b | 4901.2±392.5a | 8861.3±203.28b | 11821.4±265.19b |
| Octadecanoic (C18:0) | 110.6±12.7a | 97.4±7.1a | 124.2±8.09b | 171±6.6c |
| Eicosanoic (C20:0) | 2498.4±222.98b | 2562±372.2a | 3625.6±212.7b | 4689.2±241.9c |
| Docosanoic (C22:0) | 167.5±11.21a | 175.3±13.37a | 223±20.42b | 310.7±3.36c |
| Tricosanoic (C23:0) | 16.8±0.75a | 16.3±1.12a | 15.7±0.87a | 15.2±0.87b |
| Pentacosanoic (C25:0) | 530.8±60.88a | 517.5±44.32a | 774.2±38.1b | 650.8±31c |
| Hexadecatrienoic (C16:3) | 506.3±71.96a | 619.9±99.6b | 703.6±56.03b | 847.2±57.52c |
| Octadecenoic (18:1) | 174.4±11.7a | 151.2±21.25a | 228±19.67b | 304.7±3.74c |
| Octadecatrienoic (C18:3) | 984.2±63.25a | 996±86.78a | 1296.8±64.86b | 897.5±85.53c |
| Eicosadienoic (C20:2) | 362.2±29.13a | 346.7±18.55a | 331.1±23.28b | 315.5±19.42b |
| Tetracosenoic (C24:1) | 345.5±74.82a | 491.2±49.3b | 536.9±3.86b | 427.4±28.39c |
| Hexadecanoic (C16:0) | 8395.1±147.72a | 9233.4±506.22ab | 5471.7±124.93b | 4010.1±408.57c |
| Hexadecanoic (C16:1 | 283.2±43.08a | 231.8±61.38a | 380.4±41.46ab | 379±37.1c |
| Octadecadienoic (C18:2) | 32±2.12a | 32.6±0.25a | 41.3±3.86a | 33.9±0.62a |
| Tetracosanoic (C24:0) | 210.8±8.96a | 221.9±14.82a | 333±9.59b | 244.1±10.83c |
| Hexacosanoic (26:0) | 42.3±4.86a | 55.1±3.98a | 67.9±3.24b | 80.7±6.1a |
Values are the mean of 3 replicates ± SD Different letters represent significant differences between the treatments in each group as analyzed by Duncan’s test p < 0.05.